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Characterizing the continuous gravitational-wave signal from boson clouds around Galactic isolated black holes

Zhu, S., Baryakhtar, M., Papa, M. A., Tsuna, D., Kawanaka, N., & Eggenstein, H.-B. (2020). Characterizing the continuous gravitational-wave signal from boson clouds around Galactic isolated black holes. Physical Review D, 102(6): 063020. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063020.

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Creators:
Zhu, Sylvia1, Author
Baryakhtar, Masha, Author
Papa, Maria Alessandra1, Author
Tsuna, Daichi, Author
Kawanaka, Norita, Author
Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd2, Author
Affiliations:
1Searching for Continuous Gravitational Waves, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_2630691
2Observational Relativity and Cosmology, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24011

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Free keywords: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, gr-qc, Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, astro-ph.HE,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, hep-ph
Abstract: Ultralight bosons can form large clouds around stellar-mass black holes via the superradiance instability and produce continuous gravitational wave signals with frequencies within the range of LIGO and Virgo. Unlike continuous gravitational waves from neutron stars, boson annihilation signals are clustered in frequency and have very small positive intrinsic frequency derivatives. We characterize the expected spin-0 boson annihilation ensemble signal from synthetic populations of isolated Galactic black holes. We explore how the different population parameters affect the resulting signal and consider its detectability by recent searches for continuous gravitational waves. A population of $10^8$ black holes with masses up to $30~\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and a flat dimensionless initial spin distribution between zero and unity produces up to a thousand signals loud enough to be in principle detected by these searches. For a more moderately spinning population the number of signals drops by about an order of magnitude, still yielding up to a hundred detectable signals for some boson masses. A non-detection of annihilation signals at frequencies between 100 and 1200 Hz disfavors the existence of scalar bosons with rest energies between $2\times10^{-13}$ and $2.5\times10^{-12}$ eV. However, due to the high signal density between 200 and 300 Hz, we urge caution when interpreting a null result for bosons between $4$ and $6\times 10^{-13}$ eV. Finally, we emphasize that the ensemble signal morphology would be the primary, perhaps sole, indicator that a continuous wave signal has a boson annihilation origin.

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Dates: 2020-03-062020
Publication Status: Published in print
Pages: 22 pages of main text plus appendices
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Title: Physical Review D
Other : Phys. Rev. D.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Lancaster, Pa. : American Physical Society
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 102 (6) Sequence Number: 063020 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 0556-2821
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111088197762258