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Schlagwörter:
e-democracy, constitution, Iceland, political participation, Facebook
Zusammenfassung:
Iceland’s 2011 draft constitution is reputed to be the world’s first crowdsourced constitution.Careful study of this case can therefore inform our understanding of how public participation inlawmaking may be supported by new technology. This article seeks to measure and explain theimpact that comments and proposals from the Icelandic public had on the development of the draftconstitution. The analysis shows that almost 10 percent of the proposals submitted by the publicgenerated a change in the draft text, with public participation having a particular impact in the areaof rights. This remarkably high impact is likely explained by the unique, apolitical context in whichthe constitution was drafted. Although on the face of it an example of successful publiccrowdsourcing, the new constitution drafted through this process ultimately failed to be ratified bythe parliament. Iceland’s experiment with participatory constitution drafting thus demonstratesboth the possibility of impactful online public engagement, and the potential pitfalls of such apolitically disconnected process.
Zusammenfassung:
2011年冰岛宪法草案被誉为全球首个“众包”(crowdsource)宪法。照此,对该事件进行仔细研究则能让大家了解法律制定中新技术的使用如何支持公共参与。本文试图测量冰岛公众的评论和提议对宪法草案制定的影响,同时对此影响进行解释。研究分析显示,近10%的公众提议使草案内容发生了改变,公共参与在权力范围内产生了特别的影响。公众提议的影响如此之大,可能的原因在于宪法草案的背景十分独特,且非政治化。尽管从表面上看,新宪法草案是一个成功的,由公众参与完成的众包范例,但草案最终却并未通过议会批准。投票失败发生在选举之前。冰岛在公众参与宪法草案这一实验中证明,网络公共参与可能产生巨大影响,但由于该过程的非政治化,可能会遭遇诸多困难。
