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Quantum Physics, quant-ph
Abstract:
We establish the multiparameter quantum Cramér-Rao bound for simultaneously estimating the centroid, the separation, and the relative intensities of two incoherent optical point sources using alinear imaging system. For equally bright sources, the Cramér-Rao bound is independent of the source separation, which confirms that the Rayleigh resolution limit is just an artifact of the
conventional direct imaging and can be overcome with an adequate strategy. For the general case of unequally bright sources, the amount of information one can
gain about the separation falls to zero, but we show that there is always a quadratic improvement in an optimal detection in comparison with the intensity measurements. This advantage can be of utmost important in realistic scenarios, such as observational astronomy.
