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  Growth and development of the third permanent molar in Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans, South Africa

Dean, C., Zanolli, C., Le Cabec, A., Tawane, M., Garrevoet, J., Mazurier, A., et al. (2020). Growth and development of the third permanent molar in Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans, South Africa. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 19053. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76032-2.

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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 Creators:
Dean, Christopher, Author
Zanolli, Clément, Author
Le Cabec, Adeline1, Author                 
Tawane, Mirriam, Author
Garrevoet, Jan, Author
Mazurier, Arnaud, Author
Macchiarelli, Roberto, Author
Affiliations:
1Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_1497673              

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 Abstract: Third permanent molars (M3s) are the last tooth to form but have not been used to estimate age at dental maturation in early fossil hominins because direct histological evidence for the timing of their growth has been lacking. We investigated an isolated maxillary M3 (SK 835) from the 1.5 to 1.8-million-year-old (Mya) site of Swartkrans, South Africa, attributed to Paranthropus robustus. Tissue proportions of this specimen were assessed using 3D X-ray micro-tomography. Thin ground sections were used to image daily growth increments in enamel and dentine. Transmitted light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed fluctuations in Ca concentration that coincide with daily growth increments. We used regional daily secretion rates and Sr marker-lines to reconstruct tooth growth along the enamel/dentine and then cementum/dentine boundaries. Cumulative growth curves for increasing enamel thickness and tooth height and age-of-attainment estimates for fractional stages of tooth formation differed from those in modern humans. These now provide additional means for assessing late maturation in early hominins. M3 formation took ≥ 7 years in SK 835 and completion of the roots would have occurred between 11 and 14 years of age. Estimated age at dental maturation in this fossil hominin compares well with what is known for living great apes.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2020-11-04
 Publication Status: Published online
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76032-2
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Title: Scientific Reports
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 10 (1) Sequence Number: 19053 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 2045-2322