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Corticosteroids; Membrane transport; Diffusion of corticosteroids; Renal transport of paminohippurate and corticosteroids
Abstract:
Using the stop-flow peritubular capillary microperfusion method contraluminal transport of corticosteroids was investigated (a) by determining the inhibitory potency (apparent Ki values) of these compounds against p-aminohippurate PAH, dicarboxylate (succinate) and sulphate transport and (b) by measuring the transport rate of radiolabelled corticosteroids and its inhibition by probenecid. Progesterone did not inhibit contraluminal PAH influx but its 17 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxy derivatives inhibited with an app. Ki of 0.36 mmol/l. Introduction of an OH group in position 21 of progesterone, to yield 11-deoxycorticosterone, augments the inhibitory potency considerably (app. Ki, PAH of 0.07 mmol/l). Acetylation of the OH-group in position 21 of 11-deoxycorticosterone, introduction of an additional hydroxy group in position 17 alpha to yield 11-deoxycortisol or in position 11 to yield corticosterone brings the app. Ki, PAH back again into the range of 0.2-0.4 mmol/l. Acetylation of corticosterone or introduction of a third OH group to yield cortisol does not change the inhibitory potency, but, omission of the 21-OH group or addition of an OH group in the 6 beta position reduces or abolishes it. Cortisol and its derivatives prednisolone, dexamethasone and cortisone exert similar inhibitory potencies (app. Ki, PAH 0.12-0.27 mmol/l). But again, omission of the 21-OH group in cortisone or addition of a 6 beta-OH group reduces or even abolishes the inhibitory potency against PAH transport. The interaction of corticosterone was not changed when 11 beta, 18-epoxy ring (aldosterone) was formed. On the other hand, the interaction was considerably augmented if the 11-hydroxy group was changed to an oxo group in 11-dehydrocorticosterone (app. Ki, PAH 0.02 mmol/l). When the A ring of corticosterone is saturated and reduced to 3 alpha, 11 beta-tetrahydrocorticosterone the inhibitory potency is not changed very much. But if more than four OH or oxo groups are on the pregnane skeleton or if the OH in position 21 is missing, the inhibitory potency decreases drastically (app. Ki, PAH 0.7-1.7 mmol/l). Introduction of a 21-ester sulphate into corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone does not change app. Ki, PAH very much. Glucuronidation, however, reduces it (app. Ki, PAH approximately 1.2 mmol/l). None of the tested corticosteroids interacts, in concentrations applicable, with dicarboxylate transport and only the sulphate esters interact with sulphate transport. Radiolabelled cortisol, D-aldosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, and corticosterone are rapidly transported into proximal tubular cells. With the latter three compounds no sign of saturation and no transport inhibition with probenecid could be seen
