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キーワード:
Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
Cell Count
Drosophila
Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors/metabolism
Green Fluorescent Proteins/biosynthesis
Immunohistochemistry/methods
Membrane Potentials/physiology
Neural Inhibition/*physiology
*Odorants
Olfactory Bulb/*cytology/drug effects
Olfactory Receptor Neurons/drug effects/*physiology
Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods
Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
Sense Organs/cytology/*physiology
Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/physiology
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
要旨:
Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons project to the antennal lobe, the insect analog of the mammalian olfactory bulb. GABAergic synaptic inhibition is thought to play a critical role in olfactory processing in the antennal lobe and olfactory bulb. However, the properties of GABAergic neurons and the cellular effects of GABA have not been described in Drosophila, an important model organism for olfaction research. We have used whole-cell patch-clamp recording, pharmacology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic markers to investigate how GABAergic inhibition affects olfactory processing in the Drosophila antennal lobe. We show that many axonless local neurons (LNs) in the adult antennal lobe are GABAergic. GABA hyperpolarizes antennal lobe projection neurons (PNs) via two distinct conductances, blocked by a GABAA- and GABAB-type antagonist, respectively. Whereas GABAA receptors shape PN odor responses during the early phase of odor responses, GABAB receptors mediate odor-evoked inhibition on longer time scales. The patterns of odor-evoked GABAB-mediated inhibition differ across glomeruli and across odors. Finally, we show that LNs display broad but diverse morphologies and odor preferences, suggesting a cellular basis for odor- and glomerulus-dependent patterns of inhibition. Together, these results are consistent with a model in which odors elicit stimulus-specific spatial patterns of GABA release, and as a result, GABAergic inhibition increases the degree of difference between the neural representations of different odors.
