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  Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign

Friedrich, N., Eger, P., Shenolikar, J., Sobanski, N., Schuladen, J., Dienhart, D., et al. (2021). Reactive nitrogen around the Arabian Peninsula and in the Mediterranean Sea during the 2017 AQABA ship campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 21. doi:10.5194/acp-2021-42.

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 Creators:
Friedrich, Nils1, Author           
Eger, Philipp1, Author           
Shenolikar, Justin1, Author           
Sobanski, Nicolas1, Author           
Schuladen, Jan1, Author           
Dienhart, Dirk1, Author           
Hottmann, Bettina1, Author           
Tadic, Ivan1, Author           
Fischer, Horst1, Author           
Martinez, Monica1, Author           
Rohloff, Roland1, Author           
Tauer, Sebastian1, Author           
Harder, Hartwig1, Author           
Pfannerstill, Eva Y.1, Author           
Wang, Nijing1, Author           
Williams, Jonathan1, Author           
Brooks, James, Author
Drewnick, Frank2, Author           
Su, Hang3, Author           
Li, Guo3, Author           
Cheng, Yafang3, Author           Lelieveld, Jos1, Author           Crowley, John N.1, Author            more..
Affiliations:
1Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826285              
2Particle Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826291              
3Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826290              

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 Abstract: We present ship-borne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx + gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition "Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian Basin" (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy–NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity-ringdown-spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf which were influenced to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. In all regions, we find that NOx is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent photolytic conversion to NO. Mean NO2 lifetimes were 3.9 hours in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0 hours in the Arabian Gulf and 5.0 hours in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO2 during the night (reaction with O3) was more important than daytime losses (reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production efficiencies (OPE) ranged from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 19.1 ± 1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of photochemical O3 production from NOx, compared to the competing sequestering into NOz species. The largest values were found over the Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O3 found in that region (10–90 percentiles range: 23–108 ppbv). The fractional contribution of individual NOz species to NOy exhibited a large regional variability, with HNO3 generally the dominant component (on average 33 % of NOy) with significant contributions from organic nitrates (11 %) and particulate nitrates in the PM1 size range (8 %).

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2021-01-21
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.5194/acp-2021-42
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Title: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
  Abbreviation : Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 21 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 1680-7367
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111076360006006