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  Upper Limits on the Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, The KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., et al. (2021). Upper Limits on the Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run. Physical Review D, 104(2): 022004. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.022004.

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The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Author              
The Virgo Collaboration, Author              
The KAGRA Collaboration, Author              
Abbott, R., Author
Abbott, T. D., Author
Abraham, S., Author
Acernese, F., Author
Ackley, K., Author
Adams, A., Author
Adams, C., Author
Adhikari, R. X., Author
Adya, V. B., Author
Affeldt, C.1, Author           
Agarwal, D., Author
Agathos, M., Author
Agatsuma, K., Author
Aggarwal, N., Author
Aguiar, O. D., Author
Aiello, L., Author
Ain, A., Author
Akutsu, T., AuthorAleman, K. M., AuthorAllen, G., AuthorAllocca, A., AuthorAltin, P. A., AuthorAmato, A., AuthorAnand, S., AuthorAnanyeva, A., AuthorAnderson, S. B., AuthorAnderson, W. G., AuthorAndo, M., AuthorAngelova, S. V., AuthorAnsoldi, S., AuthorAntelis, J. M., AuthorAntier, S., AuthorAppert, S., AuthorArai, Koya, AuthorArai, Koji, AuthorArai, Y., AuthorAraki, S., AuthorAraya, A., AuthorAraya, M. C., AuthorAreeda, J. S., AuthorArène, M., AuthorAritomi, N., AuthorArnaud, N., AuthorAronson, S. M., AuthorAsada, H., AuthorAsali, Y., AuthorAshton, G., AuthorAso, Y., AuthorAston, S. M., AuthorAstone, P., AuthorAubin, F., AuthorAufmuth, P.1, Author           AultONeal, K., AuthorAustin, C., AuthorBabak, S., AuthorBadaracco, F., AuthorBader, M. K. M., AuthorBae, S., AuthorBae, Y., AuthorBaer, A. M., AuthorBagnasco, S., AuthorBai, Y., AuthorBaiotti, L., AuthorBaird, J., AuthorBajpai, R., AuthorBall, M., AuthorBallardin, G., AuthorBallmer, S. W., AuthorBals, M., AuthorBalsamo, A., AuthorBaltus, G., AuthorBanagiri, S., AuthorBankar, D., AuthorBankar, R. S., AuthorBarayoga, J. C., AuthorBarbieri, C., AuthorBarish, B. C., AuthorBarker, D., AuthorBarneo, P., AuthorBarnum, S., AuthorBarone, F., AuthorBarr, B., AuthorBarsotti, L., AuthorBarsuglia, M., AuthorBarta, D., AuthorBartlett, J., AuthorBarton, M. A., AuthorBartos, I., AuthorBassiri, R., AuthorBasti, A., AuthorBawaj, M., AuthorBayley, J. C., AuthorBaylor, A. C., AuthorBazzan, M., AuthorBécsy, B., AuthorBedakihale, V. M., AuthorBejger, M., AuthorBelahcene, I., AuthorBenedetto, V., AuthorBeniwal, D., AuthorBenjamin, M. G., AuthorBennett, T. F., AuthorBentley, J. D., AuthorBenYaala, M., AuthorBergamin, F.1, Author           Berger, B. K., AuthorBernuzzi, S., AuthorBersanetti, D., AuthorBertolini, A., AuthorBetzwieser, J., AuthorBhandare, R., AuthorBhandari, A. V., AuthorBhattacharjee, D., AuthorBhaumik, S., AuthorBidler, J., AuthorBilenko, I. A., AuthorBillingsley, G., AuthorBirney, R., AuthorBirnholtz, O., AuthorBiscans, S., AuthorBischi, M., AuthorBiscoveanu, S., AuthorBisht, A.1, Author           Biswas, B., AuthorBitossi, M., AuthorBizouard, M. -A., AuthorBlackburn, J. K., AuthorBlackman, J., AuthorBlair, C. D., AuthorBlair, D. G., AuthorBlair, R. M., AuthorBobba, F., AuthorBode, N.1, Author           Boer, M., AuthorBogaert, G., AuthorBoldrini, M., AuthorBondu, F., AuthorBonilla, E., AuthorBonnand, R., AuthorBooker , P.1, AuthorBoom, B. A., AuthorBork, R., AuthorBoschi, V., AuthorBose, N., AuthorBose, S., AuthorBossilkov, V., AuthorBoudart, V., AuthorBouffanais, Y., AuthorBozzi, A., AuthorBradaschia, C., AuthorBrady, P. R., AuthorBramley, A., AuthorBranch, A., AuthorBranchesi, M., AuthorBrau, J. E., AuthorBreschi, M., AuthorBriant, T., AuthorBriggs, J. H., AuthorBrillet, A., AuthorBrinkmann, M.1, Author           Brockill, P., AuthorBrooks, A. F., AuthorBrooks, J., AuthorBrown, D. D., AuthorBrunett, S., AuthorBruno, G., AuthorBruntz, R., AuthorBryant, J., AuthorBuikema, A., AuthorBulik, T., AuthorBulten, H. J., AuthorBuonanno, A.2, Author           Buscicchio, R., AuthorBuskulic, D., AuthorByer, R. L., AuthorCadonati, L., AuthorCaesar, M., AuthorCagnoli, G., AuthorCahillane, C., AuthorCain, H. W., AuthorBustillo, J. Calderón, AuthorCallaghan, J. D., AuthorCallister, T. A., AuthorCalloni, E., AuthorCamp, J. B., AuthorCanepa, M., AuthorCannavacciuolo, M., AuthorCannon, K. C., AuthorCao, H., AuthorCao, J., AuthorCao, Z., AuthorCapocasa, E., AuthorCapote, E., AuthorCarapella, G., AuthorCarbognani, F., AuthorCarlin, J. B., AuthorCarney, M. F., AuthorCarpinelli, M., AuthorCarullo, G., AuthorCarver, T. L., AuthorDiaz, J. Casanueva, AuthorCasentini, C., AuthorCastaldi, G., AuthorCaudill, S., AuthorCavaglià, M., AuthorCavalier, F., AuthorCavalieri, R., AuthorCella, G., AuthorCerdá-Durán, P., AuthorCesarini, E., AuthorChaibi, W., AuthorChakravarti, K., AuthorChampion, B., AuthorChan, C. -H., AuthorChan, C., AuthorChan, C. L., AuthorChan, M., AuthorChandra, K., AuthorChanial, P., AuthorChao, S., AuthorCharlton, P., AuthorChase, E. A., AuthorChassande-Mottin, E., AuthorChatterjee, D., AuthorChaturvedi, M., AuthorChen, A., AuthorChen, C., AuthorChen, H. Y., AuthorChen, J., AuthorChen, K., AuthorChen, X., AuthorChen, Y. -B., AuthorChen, Y. -R., AuthorChen, Z., AuthorCheng, H., AuthorCheong, C. K., AuthorCheung, H. Y., AuthorChia, H. Y., AuthorChiadini, F., AuthorChiang, C-Y., AuthorChierici, R., AuthorChincarini, A., AuthorChiofalo, M. L., AuthorChiummo, A., AuthorCho, G., AuthorCho, H. S., AuthorChoate, S., AuthorChoudhary, R. K., AuthorChoudhary, S., AuthorChristensen, N., AuthorChu, H., AuthorChu, Q., AuthorChu, Y-K., AuthorChua, S., AuthorChung, K. W., AuthorCiani, G., AuthorCiecielag, P., AuthorCieślar, M., AuthorCifaldi, M., AuthorCiobanu, A. A., AuthorCiolfi, R., AuthorCipriano, F., AuthorCirone, A., AuthorClara, F., AuthorClark, E. N., AuthorClark, J. A., AuthorClarke, L., AuthorClearwater, P., AuthorClesse, S., AuthorCleva, F., AuthorCoccia, E., AuthorCohadon, P. -F., AuthorCohen, D. E., AuthorCohen, L., AuthorColleoni, M., AuthorCollette, C. G., AuthorColpi, M., AuthorCompton, C. M., AuthorConstancio, M., AuthorConti, L., AuthorCooper, S. J., AuthorCorban, P., AuthorCorbitt, T. R., AuthorCordero-Carrión, I., AuthorCorezzi, S., AuthorCorley, K. R., AuthorCornish, N., AuthorCorre, D., AuthorCorsi, A., AuthorCortese, S., AuthorCosta, C. A., AuthorCotesta, R.2, Author           Coughlin, M. W., AuthorCoughlin, S. B., AuthorCoulon, J. -P., AuthorCountryman, S. T., AuthorCousins, B., AuthorCouvares, P., AuthorCovas, P. B., AuthorCoward, D. M., AuthorCowart, M. J., AuthorCoyne, D. C., AuthorCoyne, R., AuthorCreighton, J. D. E., AuthorCreighton, T. D., AuthorCriswell, A. W., AuthorCroquette, M., AuthorCrowder, S. G., AuthorCudell, J. R., AuthorCullen, T. J., AuthorCumming, A., AuthorCummings, R., AuthorCuoco, E., AuthorCuryło, M., AuthorDal Canton, T. 2, AuthorDálya, G., AuthorDana, A., AuthorDaneshgaranBajastani, L. M., AuthorD'Angelo, B., AuthorDanilishin, S. L., AuthorD'Antonio, S., AuthorDanzmann, K.1, Author           Darsow-Fromm, C., AuthorDasgupta, A., AuthorDatrier, L. E. H., AuthorDattilo, V., AuthorDave, I., AuthorDavier, M., AuthorDavies, G. S., AuthorDavis, D., AuthorDaw, E. J., AuthorDean, R., AuthorDeBra, D., AuthorDeenadayalan, M., AuthorDegallaix, J., AuthorDe Laurentis, M., AuthorDeléglise, S., AuthorDel Favero, V., AuthorDe Lillo, F., AuthorDe Lillo, N., AuthorDel Pozzo, W., AuthorDeMarchi, L. M., AuthorDe Matteis, F., AuthorD'Emilio, V., AuthorDemos, N., AuthorDent, T., AuthorDepasse, A., AuthorDe Pietri, R., AuthorDe Rosa, R., AuthorDe Rossi, C., AuthorDeSalvo, R., AuthorDe Simone, R., AuthorDhurandhar, S., AuthorDíaz, M. C., AuthorDiaz-Ortiz, M., AuthorDidio, N. A., AuthorDietrich, T.2, Author           Di Fiore, L., AuthorDi Fronzo, C., AuthorDi Giorgio, C., AuthorDi Giovanni, F., AuthorDi Girolamo, T., AuthorDi Lieto, A., AuthorDing, B., AuthorDi Pace, S., AuthorDi Palma, I., AuthorDi Renzo, F., AuthorDivakarla, A. K., AuthorDmitriev, A., AuthorDoctor, Z., AuthorD'Onofrio, L., AuthorDonovan, F., AuthorDooley, K. L., AuthorDoravari, S., AuthorDorrington, I., AuthorDrago, M., AuthorDriggers, J. C., AuthorDrori, Y., AuthorDu, Z., AuthorDucoin, J. -G., AuthorDupej, P., AuthorDurante, O., AuthorD'Urso, D., AuthorDuverne, P. -A., AuthorDvorkin, I., AuthorDwyer, S. E., AuthorEaster, P. J., AuthorEbersold, M., AuthorEddolls, G., AuthorEdelman, B., AuthorEdo, T. B., AuthorEdy, O., AuthorEffler, A., AuthorEguchi, S., AuthorEichholz, J., AuthorEikenberry, S. S., AuthorEisenmann, M., AuthorEisenstein, R. A., AuthorEjlli, A., AuthorEnomoto, Y., AuthorErrico, L., AuthorEssick, R. C., AuthorEstellés, H., AuthorEstevez, D., AuthorEtienne, Z., AuthorEtzel, T., AuthorEvans, M., AuthorEvans, T. M., AuthorEwing, B. E., AuthorFafone, V., AuthorFair, H., AuthorFairhurst, S., AuthorFan, X., AuthorFarah, A. M., AuthorFarinon, S., AuthorFarr, B., AuthorFarr, W. M., AuthorFarrow, N. W., AuthorFauchon-Jones, E. J., AuthorFavata, M., AuthorFays, M., AuthorFazio, M., AuthorFeicht, J., AuthorFejer, M. M., AuthorFeng, F., AuthorFenyvesi, E., AuthorFerguson, D. L., AuthorFernandez-Galiana, A., AuthorFerrante, I., AuthorFerreira, T. A., AuthorFidecaro, F., AuthorFigura, P., AuthorFiori, I., AuthorFishbach, M., AuthorFisher, R. P., AuthorFishner, J. M., AuthorFittipaldi, R., AuthorFiumara, V., AuthorFlaminio, R., AuthorFloden, E., AuthorFlynn, E., AuthorFong, H., AuthorFont, J. A., AuthorFornal, B., AuthorForsyth, P. W. F., AuthorFranke, A., AuthorFrasca, S., AuthorFrasconi, F., AuthorFrederick, C., AuthorFrei, Z., AuthorFreise, A., AuthorFrey, R., AuthorFritschel, P., AuthorFrolov, V. V., AuthorFronzé, G. G., AuthorFujii, Y., AuthorFujikawa, Y., AuthorFukunaga, M., AuthorFukushima, M., AuthorFulda, P., AuthorFyffe, M., AuthorGabbard, H. A., AuthorGadre, B.2, Author           Gaebel, S. M., AuthorGair, J.2, Author           Gais, J., AuthorGalaudage, S., AuthorGamba, R., AuthorGanapathy, D., AuthorGanguly, A., AuthorGao, D., AuthorGaonkar, S. G., AuthorGaraventa, B., AuthorGarcía-Núñez, C., AuthorGarcía-Quirós, C., AuthorGarufi , F., AuthorGateley, B., AuthorGaudio, S., AuthorGayathri, V., AuthorGe, G., AuthorGemme, G., AuthorGennai, A., AuthorGeorge, J., AuthorGergely, L., AuthorGewecke, P., AuthorGhonge, S., AuthorGhosh, A.2, Author           Ghosh, A., AuthorGhosh, S., AuthorGhosh, S., AuthorGhosh, S., AuthorGiacomazzo, B., AuthorGiacoppo, L., AuthorGiaime, J. A., AuthorGiardina, K. D., AuthorGibson, D. R., AuthorGier, C., AuthorGiesler, M., AuthorGiri, P., AuthorGissi, F., AuthorGlanzer, J., AuthorGleckl, A. E., AuthorGodwin, P., AuthorGoetz, E., AuthorGoetz, R., AuthorGohlke, N.1, Author           Goncharov, B., AuthorGonzález, G., AuthorGopakumar, A., AuthorGosselin, M., AuthorGouaty, R., AuthorGrace, B., AuthorGrado, A., AuthorGranata, M., AuthorGranata, V., AuthorGrant, A., AuthorGras, S., AuthorGrassia, P., AuthorGray, C., AuthorGray, R., AuthorGreco, G., AuthorGreen, A. C., AuthorGreen, R., AuthorGretarsson, A. M., AuthorGretarsson, E. M., AuthorGriffith, D., AuthorGriffiths, W., AuthorGriggs, H. L., AuthorGrignani, G., AuthorGrimaldi, A., AuthorGrimes, E., AuthorGrimm, S. J., AuthorGrote, H., AuthorGrunewald, S.2, Author           Gruning, P., AuthorGuerrero, J. G., AuthorGuidi, G. M., AuthorGuimaraes, A. R., AuthorGuixé, G., AuthorGulati, H. K., AuthorGuo, H. -K., AuthorGuo, Y., AuthorGupta, A., AuthorGupta, A., AuthorGupta, P., AuthorGustafson, E. K., AuthorGustafson, R., AuthorGuzman, F., AuthorHa, S., AuthorHaegel, L., AuthorHagiwara, A., AuthorHaino, S., AuthorHalim, O., AuthorHall, E. D., AuthorHamilton, E. Z., AuthorHammond, G., AuthorHan, W. -B., AuthorHaney, M., AuthorHanks, J., AuthorHanna, C., AuthorHannam, M. D., AuthorHannuksela, O. A., AuthorHansen, H., AuthorHansen, T. J., AuthorHanson, J., AuthorHarder, T., AuthorHardwick, T., AuthorHaris, K., AuthorHarms, J., AuthorHarry, G. M., AuthorHarry, I. W., AuthorHartwig, D., AuthorHasegawa, K., AuthorHaskell, B., AuthorHasskew, R. K., AuthorHaster, C. -J., AuthorHattori, K., AuthorHaughian, K., AuthorHayakawa, H., AuthorHayama, K., AuthorHayes, F. J., AuthorHealy, J., AuthorHeidmann, A., AuthorHeintze, M. C., AuthorHeinze, J.1, Author           Heinzel, J., AuthorHeitmann, H., AuthorHellman, F., AuthorHello, P., AuthorHelmling-Cornell, A. F., AuthorHemming, G., AuthorHendry, M., AuthorHeng, I. S., AuthorHennes, E., AuthorHennig, J.-S.1, Author           Hennig, M. H.1, AuthorVivanco, F. Hernandez, AuthorHeurs, M.1, Author           Hild, S., AuthorHill, P., AuthorHimemoto, Y., AuthorHines, A. S., AuthorHiranuma, Y., AuthorHirata, N., AuthorHirose, E., AuthorHochheim , S.3, AuthorHofman, D., AuthorHohmann, J. N., AuthorHolgado, A. M., AuthorHolland, N. A., AuthorHollows, I. J., AuthorHolmes, Z. J., AuthorHolt, K., AuthorHolz, D. E., AuthorHong, Z., AuthorHopkins, P., AuthorHough, J., AuthorHowell, E. J., AuthorHoy, C. G., AuthorHoyland, D., AuthorHreibi, A.1, Author           Hsieh, B-H., AuthorHsu, Y., AuthorHuang, G-Z., AuthorHuang, H-Y., AuthorHuang, P., AuthorHuang, Y-C., AuthorHuang, Y. -J., AuthorHuang, Y. -W., AuthorHübner, M. T., AuthorHuddart, A. D., AuthorHuerta, E. A., AuthorHughey, B., AuthorHui, D. C. Y., AuthorHui, V., AuthorHusa, S., AuthorHuttner, S. H., AuthorHuxford, R., AuthorHuynh-Dinh, T., AuthorIde, S., AuthorIdzkowski, B., AuthorIess, A., AuthorIkenoue, B., AuthorImam, S., AuthorInayoshi, K., AuthorInchauspe, H., AuthorIngram, C., AuthorInoue, Y., AuthorIntini, G., AuthorIoka, K., AuthorIsi, M., AuthorIsleif, K., AuthorIto, K., AuthorItoh, Y., AuthorIyer, B. R., AuthorIzumi, K., AuthorJaberianHamedan, V., AuthorJacqmin, T., AuthorJadhav, S. J., AuthorJadhav, S. P., AuthorJames, A. L., AuthorJan, A. Z., AuthorJani, K., AuthorJanssens, K., AuthorJanthalur, N. N., AuthorJaranowski, P., AuthorJariwala, D., AuthorJaume, R., AuthorJenkins, A. C., AuthorJeon, C., AuthorJeunon, M., AuthorJia, W., AuthorJiang, J., AuthorJin, H. -B., AuthorJohns, G. R., AuthorJones, A. W., AuthorJones, D. I., AuthorJones, J. D., AuthorJones, P., AuthorJones, R., AuthorJonker, R. J. G., AuthorJu, L., AuthorJung, K., AuthorJung, P., AuthorJunker, J.1, Author           Kaihotsu, K., AuthorKajita, T., AuthorKakizaki, M., AuthorKalaghatgi, C. V., AuthorKalogera, V., AuthorKamai, B., AuthorKamiizumi, M., AuthorKanda, N., AuthorKandhasamy, S., AuthorKang, G., AuthorKanner, J. B., AuthorKao, Y., AuthorKapadia, S. J., AuthorKapasi, D. P., AuthorKarathanasis, C., AuthorKarki, S., AuthorKashyap, R., AuthorKasprzack, M., AuthorKastaun, W.4, Author           Katsanevas, S., AuthorKatsavounidis, E., AuthorKatzman, W., AuthorKaur, T., AuthorKawabe, K., AuthorKawaguchi, K., AuthorKawai, N., AuthorKawasaki, T., AuthorKéfélian, F., AuthorKeitel, D., AuthorKey, J. S., AuthorKhadka, S., AuthorKhalili, F. Y., AuthorKhan, I., AuthorKhan, S., AuthorKhazanov, E. A., AuthorKhetan, N., AuthorKhursheed, M., AuthorKijbunchoo, N., AuthorKim, C., AuthorKim, J. C., AuthorKim, J., AuthorKim, K., AuthorKim, W. S., AuthorKim, Y. -M., AuthorKimball, C., AuthorKimura, N., AuthorKing, P. J., AuthorKinley-Hanlon, M., AuthorKirchhoff, R.1, Author           Kissel, J. S., AuthorKita, N., AuthorKitazawa, H., AuthorKleybolte, L., AuthorKlimenko, S., AuthorKnee, A. M., AuthorKnowles, T. D., AuthorKnyazev, E., AuthorKoch, P.1, Author           Koekoek, G., AuthorKojima, Y., AuthorKokeyama, K., AuthorKoley, S., AuthorKolitsidou, P., AuthorKolstein, M., AuthorKomori, K., AuthorKondrashov, V., AuthorKong, A. K. H., AuthorKontos, A.3, AuthorKoper, N.1, Author           Korobko, M., AuthorKotake, K., AuthorKovalam, M., AuthorKozak, D. B., AuthorKozakai, C., AuthorKozu, R., AuthorKringel, V.1, Author           Krishnendu, N. V.4, Author           Królak, A., AuthorKuehn, G.1, Author           Kuei, F., AuthorKumar, A., AuthorKumar, P., AuthorKumar, Rahul, AuthorKumar, Rakesh, AuthorKume, J., AuthorKuns, K., AuthorKuo, C., AuthorKuo, H-S., AuthorKuromiya, Y., AuthorKuroyanagi, S., AuthorKusayanagi, K., AuthorKwak, K., AuthorKwang, S., AuthorLaghi, D., AuthorLalande, E., AuthorLam, T. L., AuthorLamberts, A., AuthorLandry, M., AuthorLane, B. B., AuthorLang, R. N., AuthorLange, J., AuthorLantz, B., AuthorLa Rosa, I., AuthorLartaux-Vollard, A., AuthorLasky, P. D., AuthorLaxen, M., AuthorLazzarini, A., AuthorLazzaro, C., AuthorLeaci, P., AuthorLeavey, S.1, Author           Lecoeuche, Y. K., AuthorLee, H. K., AuthorLee, H. M., AuthorLee, H. W., AuthorLee, J., AuthorLee, K., AuthorLee, R., AuthorLehmann, J.1, Author           Lemaître, A., AuthorLeon, E., AuthorLeonardi, M., AuthorLeroy, N., AuthorLetendre, N., AuthorLevin, Y., AuthorLeviton, J. N., AuthorLi, A. K. Y., AuthorLi, B., AuthorLi, J., AuthorLi, K. L., AuthorLi, T. G. F., AuthorLi, X., AuthorLin, C-Y., AuthorLin, F-K., AuthorLin, F-L., AuthorLin, H. L., AuthorLin, L. C. -C., AuthorLinde, F., AuthorLinker, S. D., AuthorLinley, J. N., AuthorLittenberg, T. B., AuthorLiu, G. C., AuthorLiu, J.1, Author           Liu, K., AuthorLiu, X., AuthorLlorens-Monteagudo, M., AuthorLo, R. K. L., AuthorLockwood, A., AuthorLollie, M. L., AuthorLondon, L. T., AuthorLongo, A., AuthorLopez, D., AuthorLorenzini, M., AuthorLoriette, V., AuthorLormand, M., AuthorLosurdo, G., AuthorLough, J.1, Author           Lousto, C. O., AuthorLovelace, G., AuthorLück, H.1, Author           Lumaca, D., AuthorLundgren, A. P., AuthorLuo, L. -W., AuthorMacas, R., AuthorMacInnis, M., AuthorMacleod, D. M., AuthorMacMillan, I. A. O., AuthorMacquet, A., AuthorHernandez, I. Magaña, AuthorMagaña-Sandoval, F., AuthorMagazzù, C., AuthorMagee, R. M., AuthorMaggiore, R., AuthorMajorana, E., AuthorMaksimovic, I., AuthorMaliakal, S., AuthorMalik, A., AuthorMan, N., AuthorMandic, V., AuthorMangano, V., AuthorMango, J. L., AuthorMansell, G. L., AuthorManske, M., AuthorMantovani, M., AuthorMapelli, M., AuthorMarchesoni, F., AuthorMarchio, M., AuthorMarion, F., AuthorMark, Z., AuthorMárka, S., AuthorMárka, Z., AuthorMarkakis, C., AuthorMarkosyan, A. S., AuthorMarkowitz, A., AuthorMaros, E., AuthorMarquina, A., AuthorMarsat, S., AuthorMartelli, F., AuthorMartin, I. W., AuthorMartin, R. M., AuthorMartinez, M., AuthorMartinez, V., AuthorMartinovic, K., AuthorMartynov, D. V., AuthorMarx, E. J., AuthorMasalehdan, H., AuthorMason, K., AuthorMassera, E., AuthorMasserot, A., AuthorMassinger, T. J., AuthorMasso-Reid, M., AuthorMastrogiovanni, S., AuthorMatas, A.2, Author           Mateu-Lucena, M., AuthorMatichard, F., AuthorMatiushechkina, M.1, Author           Mavalvala, N., AuthorMcCann, J. J., AuthorMcCarthy, R., AuthorMcClelland, D. E., AuthorMcClincy, P., AuthorMcCormick, S., AuthorMcCuller, L., AuthorMcGhee, G. I., AuthorMcGuire, S. C., AuthorMcIsaac, C., AuthorMcIver, J., AuthorMcManus, D. J., AuthorMcRae, T., AuthorMcWilliams, S. T., AuthorMeacher, D., AuthorMehmet, M.1, Author           Mehta, A. K.2, Author           Melatos, A., AuthorMelchor, D. A., AuthorMendell, G., AuthorMenendez-Vazquez, A., AuthorMenoni, C. S., AuthorMercer, R. A., AuthorMereni, L., AuthorMerfeld, K., AuthorMerilh, E. L., AuthorMerritt, J. D., AuthorMerzougui, M., AuthorMeshkov, S., AuthorMessenger, C., AuthorMessick, C., AuthorMeyers, P. M., AuthorMeylahn, F.1, Author           Mhaske, A., AuthorMiani, A., AuthorMiao, H., AuthorMichaloliakos, I., AuthorMichel, C., AuthorMichimura, Y., AuthorMiddleton, H., AuthorMilano, L., AuthorMiller, A. L., AuthorMillhouse, M., AuthorMills, J. C., AuthorMilotti, E., AuthorMilovich-Goff, M. C., AuthorMinazzoli, O., AuthorMinenkov, Y., AuthorMio, N., AuthorMir, Ll. M., AuthorMishkin, A., AuthorMishra, C., AuthorMishra, T., AuthorMistry, T., AuthorMitra, S., AuthorMitrofanov, V. P., AuthorMitselmakher, G., AuthorMittleman, R., AuthorMiyakawa, O., AuthorMiyamoto, A., AuthorMiyazaki, Y., AuthorMiyo, K., AuthorMiyoki, S., AuthorMo, Geoffrey, AuthorMogushi, K., AuthorMohapatra, S. R. P., AuthorMohite, S. R., AuthorMolina, I., AuthorMolina-Ruiz, M., AuthorMondin, M., AuthorMontani, M., AuthorMoore, C. J., AuthorMoraru, D., AuthorMorawski, F., AuthorMore, A., AuthorMoreno, C., AuthorMoreno, G., AuthorMori, Y., AuthorMorisaki, S., AuthorMoriwaki, Y., AuthorMours, B., AuthorMow-Lowry, C. M., AuthorMozzon, S., AuthorMuciaccia, F., AuthorMukherjee, Arunava, AuthorMukherjee, D., AuthorMukherjee, Soma, AuthorMukherjee, Subroto, AuthorMukund, N.1, Author           Mullavey, A., AuthorMunch, J., AuthorMuñiz, E. A., AuthorMurray, P. G., AuthorMusenich, R., AuthorNadji, S. L.1, Author           Nagano, K., AuthorNagano, S., AuthorNagar, A., AuthorNakamura, K., AuthorNakano, H., AuthorNakano, M., AuthorNakashima, R., AuthorNakayama, Y., AuthorNardecchia, I., AuthorNarikawa, T., AuthorNaticchioni, L., AuthorNayak, B., AuthorNayak, R. K., AuthorNegishi, R., AuthorNeil, B. F., AuthorNeilson, J., AuthorNelemans, G., AuthorNelson, T. J. N., AuthorNery, M.1, Author           Neunzert, A., AuthorNg, K. Y., AuthorNg, S. W. S., AuthorNguyen, C., AuthorNguyen, P., AuthorNguyen, T., AuthorQuynh, L. Nguyen, AuthorNi, W. -T., AuthorNichols, S. A., AuthorNishizawa, A., AuthorNissanke, S., AuthorNocera, F., AuthorNoh, M., AuthorNorman, M., AuthorNorth, C., AuthorNozaki, S., AuthorNuttall, L. K., AuthorOberling, J., AuthorO'Brien, B. D., AuthorObuchi, Y., AuthorO'Dell, J., AuthorOgaki, W., AuthorOganesyan, G., AuthorOh, J. J., AuthorOh, K., AuthorOh, S. H., AuthorOhashi, M., AuthorOhishi, N., AuthorOhkawa, M., AuthorOhme, F.4, Author           Ohta, H., AuthorOkada, M. 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F., AuthorVarma, V., AuthorVasúth, M., AuthorVecchio, A., AuthorVedovato, G., AuthorVeitch, J., AuthorVeitch, P. J., AuthorVenkateswara, K., AuthorVenneberg, J.1, Author           Venugopalan, G., AuthorVerkindt, D., AuthorVerma, Y., AuthorVeske, D., AuthorVetrano, F., AuthorViceré, A., AuthorViets, A. D., AuthorVilla-Ortega, V., AuthorVinet, J. -Y., AuthorVitale, S., AuthorVo, T., AuthorVocca, H., Authorvon Reis, E. R. G., AuthorWrangel, J. v.1, Author           Vorvick, C., AuthorVyatchanin, S. P., AuthorWade, L. E., AuthorWade, M., AuthorWagner, K. J., AuthorWalet, R. C., AuthorWalker, M., AuthorWallace, G. S., AuthorWallace, L., AuthorWalsh, S., AuthorWang, J., AuthorWang, J. Z., AuthorWang, W. H., AuthorWard, R. L., AuthorWarner, J., AuthorWas, M., AuthorWashimi, T., AuthorWashington, N. Y., AuthorWatchi, J., AuthorWeaver, B., AuthorWei, L.-W.1, Author           Weinert, M., AuthorWeinstein, A. J., AuthorWeiss, R., AuthorWeller, C. M., AuthorWellmann, F.1, Author           Wen, L., AuthorWeßels , P.3, AuthorWesthouse, J. W., AuthorWette, K., AuthorWhelan, J. T., AuthorWhite, D. D., AuthorWhiting, B. F., AuthorWhittle, C., AuthorWilken, D.1, Author           Williams, D., AuthorWilliams, M. J., AuthorWilliamson, A. R., AuthorWillis, J. L., AuthorWillke, B.1, Author           Wilson, D. J., AuthorWinkler, W., AuthorWipf, C. C., AuthorWlodarczyk , T.6, AuthorWoan, G., AuthorWoehler, J.1, Author           Wofford, J. K., AuthorWong, I. C. F., AuthorWu, C., AuthorWu, D.1, Author           Wu, H., AuthorWu, S., AuthorWysocki, D. M., AuthorXiao, L., AuthorXu, W-R., AuthorYamada, T., AuthorYamamoto, H., AuthorYamamoto, Kazuhiro, AuthorYamamoto, Kohei, AuthorYamamoto, T., AuthorYamashita, K., AuthorYamazaki, R., AuthorYang, F. W., AuthorYang, L., AuthorYang, Yang, AuthorYang, Yi, AuthorYang, Z., AuthorYap, M. J., AuthorYeeles, D. W., AuthorYelikar, A. B., AuthorYing, M., AuthorYokogawa, K., AuthorYokoyama, J., AuthorYokozawa, T., AuthorYoon, A., AuthorYoshioka, T., AuthorYu, Hang, AuthorYu, Haocun, AuthorYuzurihara, H., AuthorZadrożny, A., AuthorZanolin, M., AuthorZeidler, S., AuthorZelenova, T., AuthorZendri, J. -P., AuthorZevin, M., AuthorZhan, M., AuthorZhang, H., AuthorZhang, J., AuthorZhang, L., AuthorZhang, R., AuthorZhang, T., AuthorZhao, C., AuthorZhao, G., AuthorZhao, Yue, AuthorZhao, Yuhang, AuthorZhou, Z., AuthorZhu, X. J., AuthorZhu, Z. -H., AuthorZucker, M. E., AuthorZweizig, J., Author more..
Affiliations:
1Laser Interferometry & Gravitational Wave Astronomy, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24010              
2Astrophysical and Cosmological Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_1933290              
3AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, Hannover, DE, ou_24009              
4Binary Merger Observations and Numerical Relativity, AEI-Hannover, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_2461691              
5Astrophysical Relativity, AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_24013              
6AEI-Golm, MPI for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Society, Golm, DE, ou_24008              

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Free keywords: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, gr-qc,Astrophysics, Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.CO
 Abstract: We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background
(GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run
(O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in
previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the
search for the GWB. The results are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and
therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the
dimensionless energy density $\Omega_{\rm GW}\leq 5.8\times 10^{-9}$ at the 95%
credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is
uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity
coming from the band 20-76.6 Hz; $\leq 3.4 \times 10^{-9}$ at 25 Hz for a
power-law GWB with a spectral index of 2/3 (consistent with expectations for
compact binary coalescences), in the band 20-90.6 Hz; and $\leq 3.9 \times
10^{-10}$ at 25 Hz for a spectral index of 3, in the band 20-291.6 Hz. These
upper limits improve over our previous results by a factor of 6.0 for a flat
GWB. We also search for a GWB arising from scalar and vector modes, which are
predicted by alternative theories of gravity; we place upper limits on the
strength of GWBs with these polarizations. We demonstrate that there is no
evidence of correlated noise of magnetic origin by performing a Bayesian
analysis that allows for the presence of both a GWB and an effective magnetic
background arising from geophysical Schumann resonances. We compare our upper
limits to a fiducial model for the GWB from the merger of compact binaries.
Finally, we combine our results with observations of individual mergers andshow
that, at design sensitivity, this joint approach may yield stronger constraints
on the merger rate of binary black holes at $z \lesssim 2$ than can be achieved
with individually resolved mergers alone. [abridged]

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 Dates: 2021-01-282021
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 25 pages, 7 figures, Abstract abridged for arxiv submission
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: arXiv: 2101.12130
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.104.022004
 Degree: -

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Title: Physical Review D
  Other : Phys. Rev. D.
Source Genre: Journal
 Creator(s):
Affiliations:
Publ. Info: Lancaster, Pa. : American Physical Society
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 104 (2) Sequence Number: 022004 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 0556-2821
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111088197762258