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Schlagwörter:
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Zusammenfassung:
The field of genetic engineering was born in 1973 with the "construction
of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro". Since then, a
vast number of technologies have been developed allowing large-scale
reading and writing of DNA, as well as tools for complex modifications
and alterations of the genetic code. Natural genomes can be seen as
software version 1.0; synthetic genomics aims to rewrite this software
with "build to understand" and "build to apply" philosophies. One of the
predominant model organisms is the baker's yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae. Its importance ranges from ancient biotechnologies such as
baking and brewing, to high-end valuable compound synthesis on
industrial scales. This tiny sugar fungus contributed greatly to
enabling humankind to reach its current development status. This review
discusses recent developments in the field of genetic engineering for
budding yeast S. cerevisiae, and its application in biotechnology. The
article highlights advances from Sc1.0 to the developments in synthetic
genomics paving the way towards Sc2.0. With the synthetic genome of
Sc2.0 nearing completion, the article also aims to propose perspectives
for potential Sc3.0 and subsequent versions as well as its implications
for basic and applied research.
