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Abstract:
Microfluidic production of giant lipid vesicles presents a paradigm-shift in the development of
artificial cells. While production is high-throughput and the lipid vesicles are mono-disperse
compared to bulk methods, current technologies rely heavily on the addition of additives such
as surfactants, glycerol and even ethanol. Here we present a microfluidic method for producing
biomimetic surfactant-free and additive-free giant unilamellar vesicles. The versatile
design allows for the production of vesicle sizes ranging anywhere from ~10 to 130 μm with
either neutral or charged lipids, and in physiological buffer conditions. Purity, functionality,
and stability of the membranes are validated by lipid diffusion, protein incorporation, and
leakage assays. Usability as artificial cells is demonstrated by increasing their complexity, i.e.,
by encapsulating plasmids, smaller liposomes, mammalian cells, and microspheres. This
robust method capable of creating truly biomimetic artificial cells in high-throughput will
prove valuable for bottom-up synthetic biology and the understanding of membrane function.