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  The mass of the Milky Way out to 100 kpc using halo stars

Deason, A. J., Erkal, D., Belokurov, V., Fattahi, A., Gómez, F. A., Grand, R. J. J., et al. (2020). The mass of the Milky Way out to 100 kpc using halo stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 501(4), 5964-5972. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3984.

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Deason, Alis J., Author
Erkal, Denis, Author
Belokurov, Vasily, Author
Fattahi, Azadeh, Author
Gómez, Facundo A., Author
Grand, Robert J. J.1, Author           
Pakmor, Rüdiger2, Author           
Xue, Xiang-Xiang, Author
Liu, Chao, Author
Yang, Chengqun, Author
Zhang, Lan, Author
Zhao, Gang, Author
Affiliations:
1Galaxy Formation, Cosmology, MPI for Astrophysics, Max Planck Society, ou_159878              
2Stellar Astrophysics, MPI for Astrophysics, Max Planck Society, ou_159882              

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 Abstract: We use a distribution function analysis to estimate the mass of the Milky Way (MW) out to 100 kpc using a large sample of halo stars. These stars are compiled from the literature, and the vast majority (⁠∼98 per cent⁠) have 6D phase-space information. We pay particular attention to systematic effects, such as the dynamical influence of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and the effect of unrelaxed substructure. The LMC biases the (pre-LMC infall) halo mass estimates towards higher values, while realistic stellar haloes from cosmological simulations tend to underestimate the true halo mass. After applying our method to the MW data, we find a mass within 100 kpc of M (<100 kpc) = 6.07 ± 0.29 (stat.) ± 1.21 (sys.) × 1011 M. For this estimate, we have approximately corrected for the reflex motion induced by the LMC using the Erkal et al. model, which assumes a rigid potential for the LMC and MW. Furthermore, stars that likely belong to the Sagittarius stream are removed, and we include a 5 per cent systematic bias, and a 20 per cent systematic uncertainty based on our tests with cosmological simulations. Assuming the mass–concentration relation for Navarro–Frenk–White haloes, our mass estimate favours a total (pre-LMC infall) MW mass of M200c = 1.01 ± 0.24 × 1012 M, or (post-LMC infall) mass of M200c = 1.16 ± 0.24 × 1012 M when a 1.5 × 1011 M mass of a rigid LMC is included.

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 Dates: 2020-12-28
 Publication Status: Published online
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3984
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Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
  Other : Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 501 (4) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 5964 - 5972 Identifier: ISSN: 1365-8711
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1000000000024150