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  Resolving the complex evolution of a supermassive black hole triplet in a cosmological simulation

Mannerkoski, M., Johansson, P. H., Rantala, A., Naab, T., & Liao, S. (2021). Resolving the complex evolution of a supermassive black hole triplet in a cosmological simulation. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 912(2): L20. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abf9a5.

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Mannerkoski, Matias, Author
Johansson, Peter H., Author
Rantala, Antti1, Author           
Naab, Thorsten2, Author           
Liao, Shihong, Author
Affiliations:
1Galaxy Formation, Cosmology, MPI for Astrophysics, Max Planck Society, ou_159878              
2Computational Structure Formation, MPI for Astrophysics, Max Planck Society, ou_2205642              

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 Abstract: We present here a self-consistent cosmological zoom-in simulation of a triple supermassive black hole (SMBH) system forming in a complex multiple galaxy merger. The simulation is run with an updated version of our code KETJU, which is able to follow the motion of SMBHs down to separations of tens of Schwarzschild radii while simultaneously modeling the large-scale astrophysical processes in the surrounding galaxies, such as gas cooling, star formation, and stellar and AGN feedback. Our simulation produces initially an SMBH binary system for which the hardening process is interrupted by the late arrival of a third SMBH. The KETJU code is able to accurately model the complex behavior occurring in such a triple SMBH system, including the ejection of one SMBH to a kiloparsec-scale orbit in the galaxy due to strong three-body interactions as well as Lidov–Kozai oscillations suppressed by relativistic precession when the SMBHs are in a hierarchical configuration. One pair of SMBHs merges ~3 Gyr after the initial galaxy merger, while the remaining binary is at a parsec-scale separation when the simulation ends at redshift z = 0. We also show that KETJU can capture the effects of the SMBH binaries and triplets on the surrounding stellar population, which can affect the binary merger timescales as the stellar density in the system evolves. Our results demonstrate the importance of dynamically resolving the complex behavior of multiple SMBHs in galactic mergers, as such systems cannot be readily modeled using simple orbit-averaged semianalytic models.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2021-05-06
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abf9a5
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Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
  Other : Astrophys. J. Lett.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press for the American Astronomical Society
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 912 (2) Sequence Number: L20 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 0004-637X
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954922828215