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  CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left-right symmetry breaking.

Middelkoop, T. C., Garcia-Baucells, J., Quintero-Cadena, P., Pimpale, L. G., Yazdi, S., Sternberg, P. W., et al. (2021). CYK-1/Formin activation in cortical RhoA signaling centers promotes organismal left-right symmetry breaking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(20): e2021814118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2021814118.

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Middelkoop, Teije C, Author
Garcia-Baucells, Júlia1, Author
Quintero-Cadena, Porfirio, Author
Pimpale, Lokesh G, Author
Yazdi, Shahrzad, Author
Sternberg, Paul W, Author
Gross, Peter1, Author           
Grill, Stephan W.1, Author           
Affiliations:
1Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Max Planck Society, ou_2340692              

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 Abstract: Proper left-right symmetry breaking is essential for animal development, and in many cases, this process is actomyosin-dependent. In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos active torque generation in the actomyosin layer promotes left-right symmetry breaking by driving chiral counterrotating cortical flows. While both Formins and Myosins have been implicated in left-right symmetry breaking and both can rotate actin filaments in vitro, it remains unclear whether active torques in the actomyosin cortex are generated by Formins, Myosins, or both. We combined the strength of C. elegans genetics with quantitative imaging and thin film, chiral active fluid theory to show that, while Non-Muscle Myosin II activity drives cortical actomyosin flows, it is permissive for chiral counterrotation and dispensable for chiral symmetry breaking of cortical flows. Instead, we find that CYK-1/Formin activation in RhoA foci is instructive for chiral counterrotation and promotes in-plane, active torque generation in the actomyosin cortex. Notably, we observe that artificially generated large active RhoA patches undergo rotations with consistent handedness in a CYK-1/Formin-dependent manner. Altogether, we conclude that CYK-1/Formin-dependent active torque generation facilitates chiral symmetry breaking of actomyosin flows and drives organismal left-right symmetry breaking in the nematode worm.

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 Dates: 2021-05-18
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021814118
Other: cbg-8024
PMID: 33972425
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Title: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  Other : Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A.
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 118 (20) Sequence Number: e2021814118 Start / End Page: - Identifier: -