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  Double X/Peanut structures in barred galaxies – insights from an N-body simulation

Ciambur, B. C., Fragkoudi, F., Khoperskov, S., Matteo, P. D., & Combes, F. (2020). Double X/Peanut structures in barred galaxies – insights from an N-body simulation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 503(2), 2203-2214. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3814.

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Ciambur, Bogdan C., Author
Fragkoudi, Francesca, Author
Khoperskov, Sergey1, Author           
Matteo, Paola Di, Author
Combes, Francoise, Author
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1Optical and Interpretative Astronomy, MPI for Extraterrestrial Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_159895              

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 Abstract: Boxy, peanut-, or X-shaped ‘bulges’ are observed in a large fraction of barred galaxies viewed in, or close to, edge-on projection, as well as in the Milky Way. They are the product of dynamical instabilities occurring in stellar bars, which cause the latter to buckle and thicken vertically. Recent studies have found nearby galaxies that harbour two such features arising at different radial scales, in a nested configuration. In this paper, we explore the formation of such double peanuts, using a collisionless N-body simulation of a pure disc evolving in isolation within a live dark matter halo, which we analyse in a completely analogous way to observations of real galaxies. In the simulation, we find a stable double configuration consisting of two X/peanut structures associated with the same galactic bar – rotating with the same pattern speed – but with different morphology, formation time, and evolution. The inner, conventional peanut-shaped structure forms early via the buckling of the bar, and experiences little evolution once it stabilizes. This feature is consistent in terms of size, strength, and morphology, with peanut structures observed in nearby galaxies. The outer structure, however, displays a strong X, or ‘bow-tie’, morphology. It forms just after the inner peanut, and gradually extends in time (within 1–1.5 Gyr) to almost the end of the bar, a radial scale where ansae occur. We conclude that, although both structures form, and are dynamically coupled to, the same bar, they are supported by inherently different mechanisms.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2020-12-11
 Publication Status: Published online
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3814
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Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
  Abbreviation : Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
Source Genre: Journal
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 503 (2) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 2203 - 2214 Identifier: ISSN: 0035-8711
ISSN: 1365-8711