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  Observing others' joint attention increases 9-month-old infants' object encoding

Thiele, M., Hepach, R., Michel, C., & Haun, D. B. M. (2021). Observing others' joint attention increases 9-month-old infants' object encoding. Developmental Psychology, 57(6), 837-850. doi:10.1037/dev0001189.

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 Creators:
Thiele, Maleen1, Author
Hepach, Robert2, Author
Michel, Christine3, Author           
Haun, Daniety B. M.1, Author
Affiliations:
1Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
2Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, ou_persistent22              
3Max Planck Research Group Early Social Cognition, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society, ou_2355694              

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Free keywords: Object encoding; Social attention; Social interaction; Infant development; Ostension
 Abstract: In direct interactions with others, 9-month-old infants' learning about objects is facilitated when the interaction partner addresses the infant through eye contact before looking toward an object. In this study we investigated whether similar factors promote infants' observational learning from third-party interactions. In Experiment 1, 9-month-old typically developing infants from mixed socioeconomic backgrounds from urban Germany (N = 32, 13 female) were presented with four types of videos showing one object and two adults. The scenarios varied systematically regarding the eye contact between the adults (eye contact or no eye contact), and the adults' object-directed gaze (looking toward or away from the object). To assess infants' encoding performance we measured their looking times when seeing the familiarized object subsequently next to a novel object, interpreting an enhanced novelty preference as reversely indicating greater encoding of the familiarized object. Infants showed an increased novelty preference, but only after observing a joint attentional setting during which two adults attended to the familiarized object together (following eye contact). In Experiment 2, we found an identical pattern of results in a matched first-party design in which 9-month-old infants (N = 32, 16 female) were directly addressed by one single adult on screen. Infants' encoding was only enhanced when the adult made eye contact with the infant before looking at an object. Together, this suggests that the capacity to learn through observing others' interactions emerges already in the first postnatal year, and that it may depend on similar factors as infants' learning through direct social engagement.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2021-01-292020-10-202021-03-102021-06
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1037/dev0001189
PMID: 34424003
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Title: Developmental Psychology
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Arlington, VA, etc., : American Psychological Association (PsycARTICLES)
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 57 (6) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 837 - 850 Identifier: ISSN: 0012-1649
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925394385