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  The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies

Zhang, F., Ning, C., Scott, A., Fu, Q., Bjorn, R., Li, W., et al. (2021). The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies. Nature, 599: s41586-021-04052-7, pp. 256-261. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7.

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 Creators:
Zhang, Fan, Author
Ning, Chao1, Author           
Scott, Ashley2, Author           
Fu, Qiaomei, Author
Bjorn, Rasmus3, Author           
Li, Wenying, Author
Wei, Dong, Author
Wang, Wenjun, Author
Fan, Linyuan, Author
Abuduresule, Idilisi, Author
Hu, Xingjun, Author
Ruan, Qiurong, Author
Niyazi, Alipujiang, Author
Dong, Guanghui, Author
Cao, Peng, Author
Liu, Feng, Author
Dai, Qingyan, Author
Feng, Xiaotian, Author
Yang, Ruowei, Author
Tang, Zihua, Author
Ma, Pengcheng, AuthorLi, Chunxiang, AuthorGao, Shizhu, AuthorXu, Yang, AuthorWu, Sihao, AuthorWen, Shaoqing, AuthorZhu, Hong, AuthorZhou, Hui, AuthorRobbeets, Martine1, Author           Kumar, Vikas, AuthorKrause, Johannes2, Author           Warinner, Christina G.2, Author           Jeong, Choongwon, AuthorCui, Yinqiu, Author more..
Affiliations:
1Eurasia3angle, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2301699              
2Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2074310              
3Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Society, ou_2074312              

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Free keywords: Archaeology, Evolutionary genetics, Population genetics
 Abstract: The identity of the earliest inhabitants of Xinjiang, in the heart of Inner Asia, and the languages that they spoke have long been debated and remain contentious1. Here we present genomic data from 5 individuals dating to around 3000–2800 bc from the Dzungarian Basin and 13 individuals dating to around 2100–1700 bc from the Tarim Basin, representing the earliest yet discovered human remains from North and South Xinjiang, respectively. We find that the Early Bronze Age Dzungarian individuals exhibit a predominantly Afanasievo ancestry with an additional local contribution, and the Early–Middle Bronze Age Tarim individuals contain only a local ancestry. The Tarim individuals from the site of Xiaohe further exhibit strong evidence of milk proteins in their dental calculus, indicating a reliance on dairy pastoralism at the site since its founding. Our results do not support previous hypotheses for the origin of the Tarim mummies, who were argued to be Proto-Tocharian-speaking pastoralists descended from the Afanasievo or to have originated among the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex or Inner Asian Mountain Corridor cultures. Instead, although Tocharian may have been plausibly introduced to the Dzungarian Basin by Afanasievo migrants during the Early Bronze Age, we find that the earliest Tarim Basin cultures appear to have arisen from a genetically isolated local population that adopted neighbouring pastoralist and agriculturalist practices, which allowed them to settle and thrive along the shifting riverine oases of the Taklamakan Desert.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2021-10-272021-11-11
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 20
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: Genetic diversity of the Bronze Age Xinjiang
Afanasievo genetic legacy in Dzungaria
Genetic isolation of the Tarim group
Pastoralism in the Tarim Basin
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7
Other: shh3090
 Degree: -

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Project name : DAIRYCULTURES
Grant ID : 804884
Funding program : Horizon 2020 (H2020)
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)
Project name : Eurasia3angle
Grant ID : 646612
Funding program : Horizon 2020 (H2020)
Funding organization : European Commission (EC)

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Title: Nature
  Abbreviation : Nature
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London : Nature Publishing Group
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 599 Sequence Number: s41586-021-04052-7 Start / End Page: 256 - 261 Identifier: ISSN: 0028-0836
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925427238