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Abstract:
Soft X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful method to investigate materials on anelement selective level with respect to their atomic and electronic structure.However, its application is technically challenging for in situ oroperandoinvestigations of materials for electrochemical applications. Herein, we presenta spectroelectrochemical flow-cell designed to enable state-of-the-art elec-trochemical characterization while being installed in a vacuum chamber forthe direct accessibility of the electroactive sample to soft X-rays. An overviewof the application of soft X-ray photon-in–photon-out spectroscopic studiesto electromaterials is provided, along with discussions of experimental andtechnical considerations specific to this highly sensitive mode of analysis.Application of the cell for the in situ spectroelectrochemical characterization ofan electrodeposited nickel oxide water electrooxidation catalyst is demonstrated.