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  7 tricks for 7 T CEST: Improving the reproducibility of multipool evaluation provides insights into the effects of age and the early stages of Parkinson's disease

Mennecke, A., Khakzar, K., German, A., Herz, K., Fabian, M., Liebert, A., et al. (2023). 7 tricks for 7 T CEST: Improving the reproducibility of multipool evaluation provides insights into the effects of age and the early stages of Parkinson's disease. NMR in Biomedicine, 36(6): e4717. doi:10.1002/nbm.4717.

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Mennecke, A, Author
Khakzar, KM, Author
German, A, Author
Herz, K1, Author                 
Fabian, M, Author
Liebert, A, Author
Blümcke, I, Author
Kasper, B, Author
Nagel, AM, Author
Laun, FB, Author
Schmidt, M, Author
Winkler, J, Author
Dörfler, A, Author
Zaiss, M, Author                 
Affiliations:
1Department High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497796              

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 Abstract: The objective of the current study was to optimize the postprocessing pipeline of 7 T chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging for reproducibility and to prove this optimization for the detection of age differences and differences between patients with Parkinson's disease versus normal subjects. The following 7 T CEST MRI experiments were analyzed: repeated measurements of a healthy subject, subjects of two age cohorts (14 older, seven younger subjects), and measurements of 12 patients with Parkinson's disease. A slab-selective, B+1 -homogeneous parallel transmit protocol was used. The postprocessing, consisting of motion correction, smoothing, B0 -correction, normalization, denoising, B+1 -correction and Lorentzian fitting, was optimized regarding the intrasubject and intersubject coefficient of variation (CoV) of the amplitudes of the amide pool and the aliphatic relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) pool within the brain. Seven "tricks" for postprocessing accomplished an improvement of the mean voxel CoV of the amide pool and the aliphatic rNOE pool amplitudes of less than 5% and 3%, respectively. These postprocessing steps are: motion correction with interpolation of the motion of low-signal offsets (1) using the amide pool frequency offset image as reference (2), normalization of the Z-spectrum using the outermost saturated measurements (3), B0 correction of the Z-spectrum with moderate spline smoothing (4), denoising using principal component analysis preserving the 11 highest intensity components (5), B+1 correction using a linear fit (6) and Lorentzian fitting using the five-pool fit model (7). With the optimized postprocessing pipeline, a significant age effect in the amide pool can be detected. Additionally, for the first time, an aliphatic rNOE contrast between subjects with Parkinson's disease and age-matched healthy controls in the substantia nigra is detected. We propose an optimized postprocessing pipeline for CEST multipool evaluation. It is shown that by the use of these seven "tricks", the reproducibility and, thus, the statistical power of a CEST measurement, can be greatly improved and subtle changes can be detected.

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 Dates: 2022-022023-06
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
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 Table of Contents: -
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 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4717
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Title: NMR in Biomedicine
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London : Heyden & Son
Pages: 16 Volume / Issue: 36 (6) Sequence Number: e4717 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 0952-3480
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925574973