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  A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of concurrent tES-fMRI studies (ContES checklist): A consensus study and statement

Ekhtiari, H., Ghobadi-Azbari, P., Thielscher, A., Antal, A., Li, L. M., Shereen, A. D., et al. (2022). A checklist for assessing the methodological quality of concurrent tES-fMRI studies (ContES checklist): A consensus study and statement. Nature Protocols, 17(3), 596-617. doi:10.1038/s41596-021-00664-5.

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Ekhtiari, Hamed1, Author
Ghobadi-Azbari, Peyman2, 3, Author
Thielscher, Axel4, 5, Author
Antal, Andrea6, Author
Li, Lucia M.7, 8, Author
Shereen, A. Duke9, Author
Cabral-Calderin, Yuranny10, Author           
Keeser, Daniel11, 12, 13, Author
Bergmann, Til Ole14, 15, 16, Author
Jamil, Asif17, Author
Violante, Ines R.18, Author
Almeida, Jorge19, 20, Author
Meinzer, Marcus21, 22, Author
Siebner, Hartwig R.4, 23, 24, Author
Woods, Adam J.25, Author
Stagg, Charlotte J.26, 27, Author
Abend, Rany28, Author
Antonenko, Daria22, Author
Auer, Tibor18, Author
Bächinger, Marc29, 30, Author
Baeken, Chris31, 32, 33, AuthorBarron, Helen C.26, 27, AuthorChase, Henry W.34, AuthorCrinion, Jenny35, AuthorDatta, Abhishek36, 37, AuthorDavis, Matthew H.38, AuthorEbrahimi, Mohsen3, AuthorEsmaeilpour, Zeinab39, AuthorFalcone, Brian40, AuthorFiori, Valentina41, AuthorGhodratitoostani, Iman42, AuthorGilam, Gadi43, 44, AuthorGrabner, Roland H.45, AuthorGreenspan, Joel D.46, AuthorGroen, Georg47, AuthorHartwigsen, Gesa48, AuthorHauser, Tobias U.49, 50, AuthorHerrmann, Christoph S.51, 52, 53, AuthorJuan, Chi-Hung54, 55, AuthorKrekelberg, Bart56, AuthorLefebvre, Stephanie57, AuthorLiew, Sook-Lei58, 59, 60, 61, AuthorMadsen, Kristoffer H.4, 62, AuthorMahdavifar-Khayati, Rasoul2, AuthorMalmir, Nastaran3, AuthorMarangolo, Paola63, 64, AuthorMartin, Andrew K.21, 65, AuthorMeeker, Timothy J.66, AuthorArdabili, Hossein Mohaddes67, 68, AuthorMoisa, Marius69, AuthorMomi, Davide70, AuthorMulyana, Beni1, AuthorOpitz, Alexander71, AuthorOrlov, Natasza72, 73, 74, 75, AuthorRagert, Patrick76, 77, AuthorRuff, Christian C.69, AuthorRuffini, Giulio78, 79, AuthorRuttorf, Michaela80, AuthorSangchooli, Arshiya3, AuthorSchellhorn, Klaus81, AuthorSchlaug, Gottfried82, AuthorSehm, Bernhard77, 83, AuthorSoleimani, Ghazaleh84, AuthorTavakoli, Hosna3, 85, AuthorThompson, Benjamin86, 87, 88, AuthorTimmann, Dagmar89, AuthorTsuchiyagaito, Aki1, AuthorUlrich, Martin47, AuthorVosskuhl, Johannes51, AuthorWeinrich, Christiane A.6, 90, AuthorZare-Bidoky, Mehran3, 91, AuthorZhang, Xiaochu92, AuthorZoefel, Benedikt38, 93, 94, AuthorNitsche, Michael A.17, 95, AuthorBikson, Marom39, Author more..
Affiliations:
1Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA, ou_persistent22              
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shahed University , Tehran, Iran, ou_persistent22              
3Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, ou_persistent22              
4Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre , Hvidovre, Denmark, ou_persistent22              
5Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, ou_persistent22              
6Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany, ou_persistent22              
7Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Imaging Lab, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK, ou_persistent22              
8UK DRI Centre for Care Research and Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK, ou_persistent22              
9Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA, ou_persistent22              
10Research Group Neural and Environmental Rhythms, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Max Planck Society, ou_3177420              
11Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, ou_persistent22              
12Department of Radiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, ou_persistent22              
13NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, ou_persistent22              
14Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany, ou_persistent22              
15Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany, ou_persistent22              
16Department of Neurology and Stroke and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, ou_persistent22              
17Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany, ou_persistent22              
18School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, ou_persistent22              
19Proaction Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal, ou_persistent22              
20CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, ou_persistent22              
21Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, ou_persistent22              
22Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, ou_persistent22              
23Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , Copenhagen, Denmark, ou_persistent22              
24Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, ou_persistent22              
25Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, ou_persistent22              
26Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, ou_persistent22              
27Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, ou_persistent22              
28Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, ou_persistent22              
29Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , Zurich, Switzerland, ou_persistent22              
30Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ou_persistent22              
31Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent , Ghent, Belgium, ou_persistent22              
32Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University Hospital Brussels , Brussels, Belgium, ou_persistent22              
33Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, ou_persistent22              
34Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, ou_persistent22              
35Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK, ou_persistent22              
36Research and Development, Soterix Medical, New York, USA, ou_persistent22              
37The City College of the City University of New York, New York, USA, ou_persistent22              
38MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, ou_persistent22              
39Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, USA, ou_persistent22              
40Northrop Grumman Company, Mission Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA, ou_persistent22              
41Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, ou_persistent22              
42Neurocognitive Engineering Laboratory (NEL), Center for Engineering Applied to Health, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ou_persistent22              
43Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
44The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, ou_persistent22              
45Educational Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, ou_persistent22              
46Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA, ou_persistent22              
47Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm , Ulm, Germany, ou_persistent22              
48Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
49Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London , London, UK, ou_persistent22              
50Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK, ou_persistent22              
51Experimental Psychology Lab, Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4all”, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg , Oldenburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
52Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
53Research Centre Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              
54Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ou_persistent22              
55Cognitive Intelligence and Precision Healthcare Research Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ou_persistent22              
56Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University–Newark, Newark, NJ, USA, ou_persistent22              
57Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, ou_persistent22              
58Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
59USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
60Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
61Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, ou_persistent22              
62Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, K, Lyngby, Denmark, ou_persistent22              
63Department of Humanities Studies, University Federico II , Naples, Italy, ou_persistent22              
64Aphasia Research Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy, ou_persistent22              
65Department of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK, ou_persistent22              
66Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, ou_persistent22              
67 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, ou_persistent22              
68Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, ou_persistent22              
69Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ou_persistent22              
70Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada, ou_persistent22              
71Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, ou_persistent22              
72Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London , London, UK, ou_persistent22              
73Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, ou_persistent22              
74Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China, ou_persistent22              
75Department of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland, ou_persistent22              
76Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, University of Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
77Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany, ou_persistent22              
78Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA, ou_persistent22              
79Neuroelectrics Corporation, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, ou_persistent22              
80Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, ou_persistent22              
81neuroConn GmbH, Ilmenau, Germany, ou_persistent22              
82Neuroimaging-Neuromodulation and Stroke Recovery Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Baystate–University of Massachusetts Medical School, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA, ou_persistent22              
83Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, ou_persistent22              
84Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, ou_persistent22              
85Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran, ou_persistent22              
86School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand , ou_persistent22              
87School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, ou_persistent22              
88Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ou_persistent22              
89Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, ou_persistent22              
90Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany, ou_persistent22              
91Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, ou_persistent22              
92Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China, ou_persistent22              
93Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, Toulouse, France, ou_persistent22              
94Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France, ou_persistent22              
95Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: Low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including alternating or direct current stimulation, applies weak electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of brain circuits. Integration of tES with concurrent functional MRI (fMRI) allows for the mapping of neural activity during neuromodulation, supporting causal studies of both brain function and tES effects. Methodological aspects of tES-fMRI studies underpin the results, and reporting them in appropriate detail is required for reproducibility and interpretability. Despite the growing number of published reports, there are no consensus-based checklists for disclosing methodological details of concurrent tES-fMRI studies. The objective of this work was to develop a consensus-based checklist of reporting standards for concurrent tES-fMRI studies to support methodological rigor, transparency and reproducibility (ContES checklist). A two-phase Delphi consensus process was conducted by a steering committee (SC) of 13 members and 49 expert panelists through the International Network of the tES-fMRI Consortium. The process began with a circulation of a preliminary checklist of essential items and additional recommendations, developed by the SC on the basis of a systematic review of 57 concurrent tES-fMRI studies. Contributors were then invited to suggest revisions or additions to the initial checklist. After the revision phase, contributors rated the importance of the 17 essential items and 42 additional recommendations in the final checklist. The state of methodological transparency within the 57 reviewed concurrent tES-fMRI studies was then assessed by using the checklist. Experts refined the checklist through the revision and rating phases, leading to a checklist with three categories of essential items and additional recommendations: (i) technological factors, (ii) safety and noise tests and (iii) methodological factors. The level of reporting of checklist items varied among the 57 concurrent tES-fMRI papers, ranging from 24% to 76%. On average, 53% of checklist items were reported in a given article. In conclusion, use of the ContES checklist is expected to enhance the methodological reporting quality of future concurrent tES-fMRI studies and increase methodological transparency and reproducibility.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2020-12-292021-11-122022-02-042022-03
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00664-5
 Degree: -

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Title: Nature Protocols
  Other : Nat. Protoc.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London, UK : Nature Publishing Group
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 17 (3) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 596 - 617 Identifier: ISSN: 1750-2799
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/1000000000223800_1