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  Two P or not two P: Understanding regulation by the bacterial second messengers (p)ppGpp

Bange, G., Brodersen, D. E., Liuzzi, A., & Steinchen, W. (2021). Two P or not two P: Understanding regulation by the bacterial second messengers (p)ppGpp. Annual Review of Microbiology, 75, 383-406. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-042621-122343.

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 Creators:
Bange, G.1, 2, 3, Author           
Brodersen, D. E., Author
Liuzzi, A., Author
Steinchen, W., Author
Affiliations:
1Max Planck Fellow Molecular Physiology of Microbes, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Max Planck Society, ou_3321791              
2Philipps-Universität Marburg, Department Chemistry, ou_persistent22              
3Philipps-Universität Marburg, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Bacteria/metabolism Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial *Guanosine Pentaphosphate/metabolism Second Messenger Systems *(p)ppGpp *hydrolase *nucleotide *stringent response *synthetase
 Abstract: Under stressful growth conditions and nutrient starvation, bacteria adapt by synthesizing signaling molecules that profoundly reprogram cellular physiology. At the onset of this process, called the stringent response, members of the RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) protein superfamily are activated by specific stress stimuli to produce several hyperphosphorylated forms of guanine nucleotides, commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp. Some bifunctional RSH enzymes also harbor domains that allow for degradation of (p)ppGpp by hydrolysis. (p)ppGpp synthesis or hydrolysis may further be executed by single-domain alarmone synthetases or hydrolases, respectively. The downstream effects of (p)ppGpp rely mainly on direct interaction with specific intracellular effectors, which are widely used throughout most cellular processes. The growing number of identified (p)ppGpp targets allows us to deduce both common features of and differences between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In this review, we give an overview of (p)ppGpp metabolism with a focus on the functional and structural aspects of the enzymes involved and discuss recent findings on alarmone-regulated cellular effectors.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2021-08-04
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: Other: 34343020
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042621-122343
ISSN: 1545-3251 (Electronic)0066-4227 (Linking)
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Title: Annual Review of Microbiology
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Stanford, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc.
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 75 Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 383 - 406 Identifier: ISSN: 0066-4227
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925458045