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Free keywords:
Migration; Flight routes; Trauma; Refugee minors; Psychopathology; Functioning
Abstract:
Background: Recently, we reported a strong, disease-independent relationship between accumulated pre-adult environmental risks and violent aggression later in life. Risk factors were interchangeable, and migration was among the explored risks. Alarmed by these data, we assessed collected risk loadin young ‘healthy’ refugees as a specifics group of current migration streams and evaluated first signals of behavioral abnormalities. Methods: In 9 German refugee centers, n=133 young refugees, not previously in contact with the health system, were recruited, many of them unaccompanied minors. Risk factors experienced apart from migration/refuge were carefully assessed: Traumatic experiences before/during/after flight (including war,genocide, human trafficking, torture, murder, slavery, terrorist attacks), urbanicity, physical and sexual abuse, problematic alcohol and cannabis use (lifetime). Evaluation comprised physical exam and psychopathology screening. Findings: Refugees arrived in Germany via Eastern Mediterranean/Balkanroute (34.6%), from Africa via Central Mediterranean route (39.1%), by plane (17.3%) or other routes, such as Western Mediterranean or Atlantic (9.0%). Flight reasons were war/expulsion (25.6%), persecution/threats to life (51.9%), economical/others (22.5%).
Interpretation: refugees from hosting countries with alarming 'risk burden', should be considered as highly vulnerable towards development of global functional deficits, behavioral abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Rapid proactive integration or sustainable support of those who will return to rebuild their countries are mandatory.
