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  Enhanced sulfur in the UTLS in spring 2020

Tomsche, L., Marsing, A., Jurkat-Witschas, T., Lucke, J., Kaufmann, S., Kaiser, K., et al. (2022). Enhanced sulfur in the UTLS in spring 2020. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 22. doi:10.5194/acp-2022-274.

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Tomsche , Laura, Autor
Marsing, Andreas, Autor
Jurkat-Witschas, Tina, Autor
Lucke, Johannes, Autor
Kaufmann, Stefan, Autor
Kaiser, Katharina1, Autor           
Schneider, Johannes1, Autor           
Scheibe, Monika, Autor
Schlager, Hans, Autor
Röder, Lenard2, Autor           
Fischer, Horst2, Autor           
Obersteiner, Florian, Autor
Zahn, Andreas, Autor
Lelieveld, Jos2, Autor           
Voigt, Christiane, Autor
Affiliations:
1Particle Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826291              
2Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826285              

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 Zusammenfassung: Sulfur compounds in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) impact the atmosphere radiation budget, either directly as particles or indirectly as precursor gas for new particle formation. In situ measurements in the UTLS are rare, but are important to better understand the impact of the sulfur budget on climate. The BLUESKY mission in May/June 2020 explored an unprecedented situation. 1) The UTLS experienced extraordinary dry conditions in spring 2020 over Europe, in comparison to previous years and 2) the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic caused major emission reductions from industry, ground, and airborne transportation. With the two research aircraft HALO and Falcon, 20 flights were conducted over Central Europe and the North Atlantic to investigate the atmospheric composition with respect to trace gases, aerosol, and clouds. Here, we focus on measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate sulfate (SO42-) in the altitude range of 8 to 14.5 km which show unexpectedly enhanced mixing ratios of SO2 in the upper troposphere and of SO42- in the lowermost stratosphere. In the UT, we find SO2 mixing ratios of (0.07 ± 0.01) ppb, caused by the remaining air traffic, reduced SO2 sinks due to low OH and low cloud fractions, and to a minor extend by uplift from boundary layer sources. Particulate sulfate showed elevated mixing ratios of up to 0.33 ppb in the LS. We suggest that the eruption of the volcano Raikoke in June 2019, which emitted about 1 Tg SO2 into the stratosphere in northern midlatitudes caused these enhancements, in addition to Siberian and Canadian wildfires and other minor volcanic eruptions. Our measurements can help to test models and lead to new insights in the distribution of sulfur compounds in the UTLS, their sources and sinks. Moreover, these results can contribute to improve simulations of the radiation budget in the UTLS with respect to sulfur effects.

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Sprache(n): eng - English
 Datum: 2022-04-25
 Publikationsstatus: Online veröffentlicht
 Seiten: 23
 Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
 Inhaltsverzeichnis: -
 Art der Begutachtung: -
 Identifikatoren: DOI: 10.5194/acp-2022-274
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Titel: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
  Kurztitel : Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.
Genre der Quelle: Zeitschrift
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Ort, Verlag, Ausgabe: -
Seiten: - Band / Heft: 22 Artikelnummer: - Start- / Endseite: - Identifikator: ISSN: 1680-7367
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/111076360006006