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Free keywords:
acetaldehyde
acetate
carbon isotope
isotopic fractionation
lacustrine deposit
methanogenic bacterium
microbial activity
microbial community
paddy field
sediment chemistry
stable isotope
Abstract:
Acetate is an important intermediate during the degradation of organic matter in anoxic flooded soils and sediments. Acetate is disproportionated to CH4 and CO2 by methanogenic or is oxidized to CO2 by sulfate-reducing microorganisms. These reactions result in carbon isotope fractionation, depending on the microbial species and their particular carbon metabolism. To learn more about the magnitude of the isotopic enrichment factors (ϵ) involved, acetate conversion to CH4 and CO2 was measured in anoxic paddy soils from Vercelli (Italy) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI, the Philippines) and in anoxic lake sediments from the northeastern and the southwestern basins of Lake Fuchskuhle (Germany). Acetate consumption was measured using samples of paddy soil or lake sediment suspended in water or in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), both in the absence and presence of sulfate (gypsum), and of methyl fluoride (CH3F), an inhibitor of aceticlastic methanogenesis. Under methanogenic conditions, values of ϵac for acetate consumption were always in a range of-21 ‰ to-17 ‰ but higher in the lake sediment from the southwestern basin (-11 ‰). Under sulfidogenic conditions ϵac values tended to be slightly lower (-26 ‰ to-19 ‰), especially when aceticlastic methanogenesis was inhibited. Again, ϵac in the lake sediment of the southwestern basin was higher (-18 ‰ to-14 ‰). Determination of ϵCH4 from the accumulation of 13C in CH4 resulted in much lower values (-37 ‰ to-27 ‰) than from the depletion of 13C in acetate (-21 ‰ to-17 ‰), especially when acetate degradation was measured in buffer suspensions. The microbial communities were characterized by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) genes as well as the methanogenic mcrA and sulfidogenic dsrB genes. The microbial communities were quite different between lake sediments and paddy soils but were similar in the sediments of the two lake basins and in the soils from Vercelli and the IRRI, and they were similar after preincubation without and with addition of sulfate (gypsum). The different microbial compositions could hardly serve for the prediction of the magnitude of enrichment factors. © 2021 Ralf Conrad et al.
