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  Clinically compatible subject-specific dynamic parallel transmit pulse design for homogeneous fat saturation and water-excitation at 141657T: Proof-of-concept for 14165CEST MRI of the brain

Lévy, S., Herrler, J., Liebert, A., Tkotz, K., Fabian, M., Eisen, C., et al. (2023). Clinically compatible subject-specific dynamic parallel transmit pulse design for homogeneous fat saturation and water-excitation at 141657T: Proof-of-concept for 14165CEST MRI of the brain. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 89(1), 77-94. doi:10.1002/mrm.29412.

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Lévy, S, Author
Herrler, J, Author
Liebert, A, Author
Tkotz, K, Author
Fabian, MS, Author
Eisen, C, Author
Grodzki, D, Author
Uder, M, Author
Dörfler, A, Author
Zaiss, M1, Author                 
Nagel, AM, Author
Affiliations:
1Department High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max Planck Society, ou_1497796              

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 Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the benefits and challenges of dynamic parallel transmit (pTx) pulses for fat saturation (FS) and water-excitation (WE), in the context of CEST MRI.



Methods: "Universal" kT -points (for FS) and spiral non-selective (for WE) trajectories were optimized offline for flip angle (FA) homogeneity. Routines to optimize the pulse shape online, based on the subject's fields maps, were implemented (target FA of 110°/0° for FS, 0°/5° for WE at fat/water frequencies). The pulses were inserted in a CEST sequence with a pTx readout. The different fat suppression schemes and their effects on CEST contrasts were compared in 12 volunteers at 7T.



Results: With a 25%-shorter pulse duration, pTx FS largely improved the FA homogeneity (root-mean-square-error (RMSE) = 12.3° vs. 53.4° with circularly-polarized mode, at the fat frequency). However, the spectral selectivity was degraded mainly in the cerebellum and close to the sinuses (RMSE = 5.8° vs. 0.2° at the water frequency). Similarly, pTx WE showed a trade-off between FA homogeneity and spectral selectivity compared to pTx non-selective pulses (RMSE = 0.9° and 1.1° at the fat and water frequencies, vs. 4.6° and 0.5°). In the brain, CEST metrics were reduced by up to 31.9% at -3.3 ppm with pTx FS, suggesting a mitigated lipid-induced bias.



Conclusion: This clinically compatible implementation of dynamic pTx pulses improved the fat suppression homogeneity at 7T taking into account the subject-specific B0 heterogeneities online. This study highlights the lipid-induced biases on the CEST z-spectrum. The results are promising for body applications where B0 heterogeneities and fat are more substantial.

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 Dates: 2022-092023-01
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29412
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Title: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: New York : Wiley-Liss
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 89 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 77 - 94 Identifier: ISSN: 0740-3194
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/954925538149