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  Confinement of Skyrmions in Nanoscale FeGe Device-like Structures

Twitchett-Harrison, A. C., Loudon, J. C., Pepper, R. A., Birch, M. T., Fangohr, H., Midgley, P. A., et al. (2022). Confinement of Skyrmions in Nanoscale FeGe Device-like Structures. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 4(9), 4427-4437. doi:10.1021/acsaelm.2c00692.

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Item Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-2903-4 Version Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-F63D-C
Genre: Journal Article

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Supporting Information: Details of sample synthesis and preparation, electron microscopy, FIB damage of specimen surfaces, mask generation for micromagnetic simulations, secondary electron images of the sample preparation process with a schematic of the finished specimen, LTEM image and line scan with a table of surface damage layer measurements, table of the perimeter and area of shapes, and LTEM montage images of unprocessed and processed data sets from hysteresis loops
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 Creators:
Twitchett-Harrison, A. C.1, Author
Loudon, J. C.1, Author
Pepper, R. A.2, Author
Birch, M. T.3, 4, Author
Fangohr, H.2, 5, Author           
Midgley, P. A.1, Author
Balakrishnan, G.6, Author
Hatton, P. D.4, Author
Affiliations:
1Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, ou_persistent22              
2Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, ou_persistent22              
3Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, ou_persistent22              
4Department of Physics, Durham University, ou_persistent22              
5Computational Science, Scientific Service Units, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society, ou_3267028              
6Department of Physics, University of Warwick, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: FeGe; LTEM; Bloch skyrmions; confinement; FIB microfabrication; dumbbell shape; micromagnetic simulations
 Abstract: Skyrmion-based devices have been proposed as a promising solution for low-energy data storage. These devices include racetrack or logic structures and require skyrmions to be confined in regions with dimensions comparable to the size of a single skyrmion. Here we examine skyrmions in FeGe device shapes using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy to reveal the consequences of skyrmion confinement in a device-like structure. Dumbbell-shaped elements were created by focused ion beam milling to provide regions where single skyrmions are confined adjacent to areas containing a skyrmion lattice. Simple block shapes of equivalent dimensions were also prepared to allow a direct comparison with skyrmion formation in a less complex, yet still confined, device geometry. The impact of applying a magnetic field and varying the temperature on the formation of skyrmions within the shapes was examined. This revealed that it is not just confinement within a small device structure that controls the position and number of skyrmions but that a complex device geometry changes the skyrmion behavior, including allowing skyrmions to form at lower applied magnetic fields than in simple shapes. The impact of edges in complex shapes is observed to be significant in changing the behavior of the magnetic textures formed. This could allow methods to be developed to control both the position and number of skyrmions within device structures.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2022-05-262022-07-282022-09-07
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: 11
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.2c00692
 Degree: -

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Project name : This work was supported by the UK Skyrmion Project EPSRC Programme Grant (EP/N032128/1). R.A.P acknowledges funding from EPSRC’s Centre for Doctoral Training in Next Generation Computational Modeling (EP/L015382/1). R.A.P and H.F. acknowledge the use of the IRIDIS High Performance Computing Facility, and associated support services at the University of Southampton, in the completion of this work. Contributions of J. A. T. Verezhak and A. Štefančič to the crystal growth work at the University of Warwick are gratefullyacknowledged. The micromagnetic simulation data that supports the findings of this study are available in Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.4270366. The experimental data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper (and its Supporting Information files). Data in Figure 1a and 1b was reprinted (adapted or reprinted in part) with permission from Birch, M. T.; et al. Real-space imaging of confined magnetic skyrmion tubes. Nat. Commun.2020, 11, 1726. Copyright 2020. Springer Nature.
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Source 1

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Title: ACS Applied Electronic Materials
  Other : ACS appl. electron. mater.
  Abbreviation : ACS AEM
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Washington, DC : American Chemical Socitey
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 4 (9) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 4427 - 4437 Identifier: ISSN: 2637-6113
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2637-6113