ausblenden:
Schlagwörter:
*Aging
Animals
Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/physiology
*Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
Caloric Restriction
Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology
Endocrine System/*physiology
Forkhead Transcription Factors
Gene Expression Regulation
Growth Hormone/metabolism
Humans
Insect Hormones/physiology
Insulin/*metabolism
*Longevity
Mice
*Signal Transduction
Somatomedins/*metabolism
Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
Zusammenfassung:
Reduced signaling of insulin-like peptides increases the life-span of nematodes, flies, and rodents. In the nematode and the fly, secondary hormones downstream of insulin-like signaling appear to regulate aging. In mammals, the order in which the hormones act is unresolved because insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones are interdependent. In all species examined to date, endocrine manipulations can slow aging without concurrent costs in reproduction, but with inevitable increases in stress resistance. Despite the similarities among mammals and invertebrates in insulin-like peptides and their signal cascade, more research is needed to determine whether these signals control aging in the same way in all the species by the same mechanism.
