NMNAT2 is the major NAD+ provider for vesicular glycolysis generating on-board 
energy for fast axonal transport cargos

Yang, Sen; Niou, Zhen-Xian; LaMar, Jacob; Enriquez, Andrea; Huang, Jui-Yen; Tennessen, Jason M.; Rangaraju, Vidhya; Lu, Hui-Chen

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NMNAT2 is the major NAD+ provider for vesicular glycolysis generating on-board energy for fast axonal transport cargos

Yang, S., Niou, Z.-X., LaMar, J., Enriquez, A., Huang, J.-Y., Tennessen, J. M., et al. (2022). NMNAT2 is the major NAD+ provider for vesicular glycolysis generating on-board energy for fast axonal transport cargos. Biorxiv. Retrieved from https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.06.479307v1.full.pdf.

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Datensatz-Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-FBDD-2 Versions-Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000B-FBDE-1

Genre: Zeitschriftenartikel

Alternativer Titel : Biorxiv

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Urheber:
Yang, Sen, Autor
Niou, Zhen-Xian, Autor
LaMar, Jacob¹, Autor
Enriquez, Andrea, Autor
Huang, Jui-Yen, Autor
Tennessen, Jason M., Autor
Rangaraju, Vidhya¹, Autor
Lu, Hui-Chen, Autor

Affiliations:
1Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Max Planck Society, One Max Planck Way, Jupiter FL 33458, USA, ou_1950288

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Zusammenfassung: Axonal transport, an ATP demanding process, plays a critical role in maintaining axonal and neuronal health. ATP in neurons is synthesized by glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, both driven by proper NAD+/NADH redox potentials. NMNAT2 is the major neuronal NAD+ synthesizing enzyme and is a key axonal maintenance factor. Here, we show that NMNAT2 co-migrates with fast vesicular cargos in axons and is required for fast axonal transport in the distal axons of cortical neurons. Using SoNar sensor imaging to detect axonal NAD+ and NADH, we show that NMNAT2 is critical in maintaining NAD+/NADH potentials in distal axons. With Syn-ATP sensor imaging to detect synaptic vesicle ATP levels (sv-ATP), we demonstrate that glycolysis is the major provider of sv-ATP and NMNAT2 deletion significantly reduces sv-ATP levels. NAD+ supplementation to NMNAT2 KO neurons restores sv-ATP levels and fast axonal transports in a glycolysis-dependent manner. Together, these data show that NMNAT2 maintains the local NAD+/NADH redox potential and sustains on-board glycolysis to meet the bioenergetic demands of fast vesicular transport in distal axons. Intriguingly, mitochondrial respiration contributes significantly to sv-ATP levels in NMNAT2 KO axons. This finding suggests that NMNAT2 deletion induces metabolic plasticity by engaging mitochondria. Surprisingly, supplying NMN, the substrate for NMNAT2 in NAD+ synthesis, restores sv-ATP and axonal transport in NMNAT2 KO axons with an efficacy similar to NAD+. The restoration of NMNAT2 KO distal axonal sv-ATP levels and vesicle transport by NMN requires mitochondrial respiration, while the rescue by NAD+ is independent of mitochondrial respiration. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that NMN rescues glycolysis to restore axonal transport in NMNAT2 KO axons by taking advantage of the compensatory ATP-generating metabolic pathways triggered by NMNAT2 loss.