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  Turn-taking in human face-to-face interaction is multimodal: Gaze direction and manual gestures aid the coordination of turn transitions

Kendrick, K. H., Holler, J., & Levinson, S. C. (2023). Turn-taking in human face-to-face interaction is multimodal: Gaze direction and manual gestures aid the coordination of turn transitions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 378(1875): 20210473. doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0473.

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 Creators:
Kendrick, Kobin H.1, Author           
Holler, Judith2, 3, 4, Author           
Levinson, Stephen C.5, 6, Author           
Affiliations:
1University of York, York, UK, ou_persistent22              
2Communication in Social Interaction, Radboud University Nijmegen, External Organizations, ou_3055481              
3Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, External Organizations, ou_55236              
4Other Research, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, Nijmegen, NL, ou_55217              
5Language and Cognition Department, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, ou_792548              
6Emeriti, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society, ou_2344699              

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 Abstract: Human communicative interaction is characterized by rapid and precise turn-taking. This is achieved by an intricate system that has been elucidated in the field of conversation analysis, based largely on the study of the auditory signal. This model suggests that transitions occur at points of possible completion identified in terms of linguistic units. Despite this, considerable evidence exists that visible bodily actions including gaze and gestures also play a role. To reconcile disparate models and observations in the literature, we combine qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse turn-taking in a corpus of multimodal interaction using eye-trackers and multiple cameras. We show that transitions seem to be inhibited when a speaker averts their gaze at a point of possible turn completion, or when a speaker produces gestures which are beginning or unfinished at such points. We further show that while the direction of a speaker's gaze does not affect the speed of transitions, the production of manual gestures does: turns with gestures have faster transitions. Our findings suggest that the coordination of transitions involves not only linguistic resources but also visual gestural ones and that the transition-relevance places in turns are multimodal in nature.

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 Dates: 2023-03-062023
 Publication Status: Issued
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0473
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Title: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences
  Other : Philosophical Transactions B
  Abbreviation : Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: London : Royal Society
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 378 (1875) Sequence Number: 20210473 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 0962-8436
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/963017382021_1