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Zusammenfassung:
In Europe, the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima has become the flagship species for the development of large scale seaweed cultivation providing affordable biomass feedstock for the production of a range of existing and novel products. Within the European Union-funded project GENIALG, crop production is based on the local genetic resources, taking into account regional specificities. GENIALG is developing new genetic approaches based on next generation DNA sequencing techniques to accelerate breeding programs. Three main types of genetic analysis are underway for S. latissima : 1) genetic crosses to evaluate effects of in/outbreeding depression, 2) QTL detection and 3) a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The first approach carried out three types of cross from individuals collected in five populations in in Brittany: selfings, within- population crosses and between-populations crosses and the sporophyte progeny were grown on long lines in seaweed farms. Preliminary analysis of this experiment indicates different levels of inbreeding depression. Genotyping and phenotyping are underway. For the QTL analysis, a segregating family of 129 F2 progeny derived from a cross between two Breton parents was produced by growing sporophytes on open-water ropes over two subsequent years (F1 and F2). ddRAD-seq genotyping data has been obtained and is currently being analysed to build a genetic map and detect QTLs. For the GWAS, pools of male and female gametophytes derived from each of 283 S. latissima isolates were used to set-up a common garden experiment using in-bred sporophyte descendants of each isolate obtained by carrying out bulk self-fertilisations using the gametophyte pools. The sporophytes harvested in the autumn are now used for genotyping and phenotyping. These germplasm lines will constitute the genetic basis that can be used by breeders to efficient and environmentally sound targeted genome-based selection.
