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要旨:
The dependency of the modern society on affordable energy resources, which fuels the economy and social development, is growing. The rapid rise of prices on the world’s oil markets in the last years clearly demonstrates that a better exploitation of the remaining supplies becomes distinctively more valuable. Despite the rather expensive chemical work-up procedures to yield clean and useful energy supplies, higher oil prices push the exploitation of unconvensional oils. Heavier crude oils and the higher boiling fractions of standard crude oils have thus become important resources to the expense of significantly elevated impurities levels, e.g., sulfur-, nitrogen-, oxygen- or metal-compounds. Many of these compounds have adverse effects on processing as well as on performance of the final products. The optimization of catalytic refinement processes is thus heavily dependent on the quality of the chemical characterization of the raw material. In this regard, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has proven to provide analytical data of sufficient accuracy and resolution. Nevertheless, even with the ultimately high resolving power of FT-ICR MS, the accurate mass spectrometric analysis of crude oil components relies on appropriate ionization and separation methods. The role of sample preparation is immense in this regard. Without simplification of the complex crude oil sample it is practically impossible to analyze the sample even with high resolution mass spectrometry by one-shot-measurement approach. FT-MS instruments operate best when smaller number of ions is present during each transient. This cannot be accomplished in the analysis of crude oil samples without simplification of the sample. This study is focusing on the investigation of sample preparation methods which simplify the complexity of crude oil samples and at the same time show selectivity towards crude oil classes. Combining these analytical approaches with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry gives indispensable data that lead to the elemental composition of the sample components. Accordingly, statistical information that allows characterization of the compounds is gained. Extraction methods and chromatographic separations are applied in this study to analyze and characterize complex crude oil samples using high resolution FT-MS instruments.
