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キーワード:
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要旨:
In 1926, the Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology published the immunological notes of a little-known diphtheria researcher, A. T. Glenny. In table XLIII of that publication, he reported the notable effect of potassium aluminum on the guinea pig immune response to diphtheria toxin (1). Animals injected with the toxin in the presence of aluminum had a much more robust antigenic response compared with those exposed to the toxin alone. Additional “adjuvants,” consisting of heat-killed bacterial extracts, were found by others to exert similar immunogenic effects. Later, this phenomenon was described by the preeminent immunologist Charles Janeway as, “the immunologist’s dirty little secret” (2). What Glenny had stumbled on, and Janeway brought to the fore, was the critical role of the innate immune system in generating adaptive immune responses. To understand how these responses develop requires deeper knowledge of how innate immune signaling is regulated, which we studied in the context of the microbiome.
