Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during a 
thunderstorm on June 10, 2021

LHAASO Collaboration; Aharonian, F.; An, Q.; Axikegu,; Bai, L.X.; Bai, Y.X.; Bao, Y.W.; Bastieri, D.; Bi, X.J.; Bi, Y.J.; Cai, J.T.; Cao, Zhe; Cao, Zhen; Chang, J.; Chang, J.F.; Chen, E.S.; Chen, Liang; Chen, Liang; Chen, Long; Chen, M.J.; Chen, M.L.; Chen, S.H.; Chen, S.Z.; Chen, T.L.; Chen, X.J.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, H.L.; Cheng, N.; Cheng, Y.D.; Cui, S.W.; Cui, X.H.; Cui, Y.D.; Dai, B.Z.; Dai, H.L.; Dai, Z.G.; Danzengluobu,; della Volpe, D.; Duan, K.K.; Fan, J.H.; Fan, Y.Z.; Fan, Z.X.; Fang, J.; Fang, K.; Feng, C.F.; Feng, L.; Feng, S.H.; Feng, X.T.; Feng, Y.L.; Gao, B.; Gao, C.D.; Gao, L.Q.; Gao, Q.; Gao, W.; Gao, W.K.; Ge, M.M.; Geng, L.S.; Gong, G.H.; Gou, Q.B.; Gu, M.H.; Gu, F.L.; Guo, J.G.; Guo, X.L.; Guo, Y.Q.; Guo, Y.Y.; Han, Y.A.; He, H.H.; He, H.N.; He, S.L.; He, X.B.; He, Y.; Heller, M.; Hor, Y.K.; Hou, C.; Hou, X.; Hu, H.B.; Hu, Q.; Hu, S.; Hu, S.C.; Hu, X.J.; Huang, D.H.; Huang, W.H.; Huang, X.T.; Huang, X.Y.; Huang, Y.; Huang, Z.C.; Ji, X.L.; Jia, H.Y.; Jia, K.; Jiang, K.; Jiang, Z.J.; Jin, M.; Kang, M.M.; Ke, T.; Kuleshov, D.; Li, B.B.; Li, Cheng; Li, Cong; Li, F.; Li, H.B.; Li, H.C.; Li, H.Y.; Li, J.; Li, Jian; Li, Jie; Li, K.; Li, W.L.; Li, X.R.; Li, Xin; Li, Xin; Li, Y.Z.; Li, Zhe; Li, Zhuo; E.W.Liang,; Liang, Y.F.; Lin, S.J.; Liu, B.; Liu, C.; Liu, D.; Liu, H.; Liu, H.D.; Liu, J.; Liu, J.L.; Liu, J.S.; Liu, J.Y.; Liu, M.Y.; Liu, R.Y.; Liu, S.M.; Liu, W.; Liu, Y.; Liu, Y.N.; Long, W.J.; Lu, R.; Luo, Q.; Lv, H.K.; Ma, B.Q.; Ma, L.L.; Ma, X.H.; Mao, J.R.; Masood, A.; Min, Z.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Nan, Y.C.; Ou, Z.W.; Pang, B.Y.; Pattarakijwanich, P.; Pei, Z.Y.; Qi, M.Y.; Qi, Y.Q.; Qiao, B.Q.; Qin, J.J.; Ruffolo, D.; Sáiz, A.; Shao, C.Y.; Shao, L.; Shchegolev, O.; Sheng, X.D.; Shi, J.Y.; Song, H.C.; Stenkin, Yu.V.; Stepanov, V.; Su, Y.; Sun, Q.N.; Sun, X.N.; Sun, Z.B.; Tam, P.H.T.; Tang, Z.B.; Tian, W.W.; Wang, B.D.; Wang, C.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.G.; Wang, J.C.; Wang, J.S.; Wang, L.P.; Wang, L.Y.; Wang, R.; Wang, R.N.; Wang, W.; Wang, X.G.; Wang, X.Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.D.; Wang, Y.J.; Wang, Y.P.; Wang, Z.H.; Wang, Z.X.; Wang, Zhen; Wang, Zheng; Wei, D.M.; Wei, J.J.; Wei, Y.J.; Wen, T.; Wu, C.Y.; Wu, H.R.; Wu, S.; Wu, X.F.; W, Y.S.; Xi, S.Q.; Xia, J.; Xia, J.J.; Xiang, G.M.; Xiao, D.X.; Xiao, G.; Xin, G.G.; Xin, Y.L.; Xing, Y.; Xiong, Z.; Xu, D.L.; Xu, R.X.; Xue, L.; Yan, D.H.; Yan, J.Z.; Yang, C.W.; Yang, F.F.; Yang, H.W.; Yang, J.Y.; Yang, L.L.; Yang, M.J.; Yang, R.Z.; Yang, S.B.; Yao, Y.H.; Yao, Z.G.; Ye, Y.M.; Yin, L.Q.; Yin, N.; You, X.H.; You, Z.Y.; Yu, Y.H.; Yuan, Q.; Yue, H.; Zeng, H.D.; Zeng, T.X.; Zeng, W.; Zeng, Z.K.; Zha, M.; Zhai, X.X.; Zhang, B.B.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, H.M.; Zhang, H.Y.; Zhang, J.L.; Zhang, L.X.; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Lu; Zhang, P.F.; Zhang, P.P.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, S.B.; Zhang, S.R.; Zhang, S.S.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, X.P.; Zhang, Y.F.; Zhang, Y.L.; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Yong; Zhao, B.; Zhao, J.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, L.Z.; Zhao, S.P.; Zheng, F.; Zheng, Y.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, H.; Zhou, J.N.; Zhou, P.; Zhou, R.; Zhou, X.X.; Zhu, C.G.; Zhu, F.R.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, K.J.; Zuo, X.

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ac9371

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Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during a thunderstorm on June 10, 2021

LHAASO Collaboration, Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, L., Bai, Y., et al. (2023). Flux variations of cosmic ray air showers detected by LHAASO-KM2A during a thunderstorm on June 10, 2021. Chinese Physics C, 47(1): 015001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ac9371.

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Creators:
LHAASO Collaboration, Author
Aharonian, F.¹, Author
An, Q., Author
Axikegu, Author
Bai, L.X., Author
Bai, Y.X., Author
Bao, Y.W., Author
Bastieri, D., Author
Bi, X.J., Author
Bi, Y.J., Author
Cai, J.T., Author
Cao, Zhe, Author
Cao, Zhen, Author
Chang, J., Author
Chang, J.F., Author
Chen, E.S., Author
Chen, Liang, Author
Chen, Liang, Author
Chen, Long, Author
Chen, M.J., Author
Chen, M.L., AuthorChen, S.H., AuthorChen, S.Z., AuthorChen, T.L., AuthorChen, X.J., AuthorChen, Y., AuthorCheng, H.L., AuthorCheng, N., AuthorCheng, Y.D., AuthorCui, S.W., AuthorCui, X.H., AuthorCui, Y.D., AuthorDai, B.Z., AuthorDai, H.L., AuthorDai, Z.G., AuthorDanzengluobu, Authordella Volpe, D., AuthorDuan, K.K., AuthorFan, J.H., AuthorFan, Y.Z., AuthorFan, Z.X., AuthorFang, J., AuthorFang, K., AuthorFeng, C.F., AuthorFeng, L., AuthorFeng, S.H., AuthorFeng, X.T., AuthorFeng, Y.L., AuthorGao, B., AuthorGao, C.D., AuthorGao, L.Q., AuthorGao, Q., AuthorGao, W., AuthorGao, W.K., AuthorGe, M.M., AuthorGeng, L.S., AuthorGong, G.H., AuthorGou, Q.B., AuthorGu, M.H., AuthorGu, F.L., AuthorGuo, J.G., AuthorGuo, X.L., AuthorGuo, Y.Q., AuthorGuo, Y.Y., AuthorHan, Y.A., AuthorHe, H.H., AuthorHe, H.N., AuthorHe, S.L., AuthorHe, X.B., AuthorHe, Y., AuthorHeller, M., AuthorHor, Y.K., AuthorHou, C., AuthorHou, X., AuthorHu, H.B., AuthorHu, Q., AuthorHu, S., AuthorHu, S.C., AuthorHu, X.J., AuthorHuang, D.H., AuthorHuang, W.H., AuthorHuang, X.T., AuthorHuang, X.Y., AuthorHuang, Y., AuthorHuang, Z.C., AuthorJi, X.L., AuthorJia, H.Y., AuthorJia, K., AuthorJiang, K., AuthorJiang, Z.J., AuthorJin, M., AuthorKang, M.M., AuthorKe, T., AuthorKuleshov, D., AuthorLi, B.B., AuthorLi, Cheng, AuthorLi, Cong, AuthorLi, F., AuthorLi, H.B., AuthorLi, H.C., AuthorLi, H.Y., AuthorLi, J., AuthorLi, Jian, AuthorLi, Jie, AuthorLi, K., AuthorLi, W.L., AuthorLi, X.R., AuthorLi, Xin, AuthorLi, Xin, AuthorLi, Y.Z., AuthorLi, Zhe, AuthorLi, Zhuo, AuthorE.W.Liang, AuthorLiang, Y.F., AuthorLin, S.J., AuthorLiu, B., AuthorLiu, C., AuthorLiu, D., AuthorLiu, H., AuthorLiu, H.D., AuthorLiu, J., AuthorLiu, J.L., AuthorLiu, J.S., AuthorLiu, J.Y., AuthorLiu, M.Y., AuthorLiu, R.Y., AuthorLiu, S.M., AuthorLiu, W., AuthorLiu, Y., AuthorLiu, Y.N., AuthorLong, W.J., AuthorLu, R., AuthorLuo, Q., AuthorLv, H.K., AuthorMa, B.Q., AuthorMa, L.L., AuthorMa, X.H., AuthorMao, J.R., AuthorMasood, A., AuthorMin, Z., AuthorMitthumsiri, W., AuthorNan, Y.C., AuthorOu, Z.W., AuthorPang, B.Y., AuthorPattarakijwanich, P., AuthorPei, Z.Y., AuthorQi, M.Y., AuthorQi, Y.Q., AuthorQiao, B.Q., AuthorQin, J.J., AuthorRuffolo, D., AuthorSáiz, A., AuthorShao, C.Y., AuthorShao, L., AuthorShchegolev, O., AuthorSheng, X.D., AuthorShi, J.Y., AuthorSong, H.C., AuthorStenkin, Yu.V., AuthorStepanov, V., AuthorSu, Y., AuthorSun, Q.N., AuthorSun, X.N., AuthorSun, Z.B., AuthorTam, P.H.T., AuthorTang, Z.B., AuthorTian, W.W., AuthorWang, B.D., AuthorWang, C., AuthorWang, H., AuthorWang, H.G., AuthorWang, J.C., AuthorWang, J.S., AuthorWang, L.P., AuthorWang, L.Y., AuthorWang, R., AuthorWang, R.N., AuthorWang, W., AuthorWang, X.G., AuthorWang, X.Y., AuthorWang, Y., AuthorWang, Y.D., AuthorWang, Y.J., AuthorWang, Y.P., AuthorWang, Z.H. , AuthorWang, Z.X., AuthorWang, Zhen, AuthorWang, Zheng, AuthorWei, D.M., AuthorWei, J.J., AuthorWei, Y.J., AuthorWen, T., AuthorWu, C.Y., AuthorWu, H.R., AuthorWu, S., AuthorWu, X.F., AuthorW, Y.S., AuthorXi, S.Q., AuthorXia, J., AuthorXia, J.J., AuthorXiang, G.M., AuthorXiao, D.X., AuthorXiao, G., AuthorXin, G.G., AuthorXin, Y.L., AuthorXing, Y., AuthorXiong, Z., AuthorXu, D.L., AuthorXu, R.X., AuthorXue, L., AuthorYan, D.H., AuthorYan, J.Z., AuthorYang, C.W., AuthorYang, F.F., AuthorYang, H.W., AuthorYang, J.Y., AuthorYang, L.L., AuthorYang, M.J., AuthorYang, R.Z., AuthorYang, S.B., AuthorYao, Y.H., AuthorYao, Z.G., AuthorYe, Y.M., AuthorYin, L.Q., AuthorYin, N., AuthorYou, X.H., AuthorYou, Z.Y., AuthorYu, Y.H., AuthorYuan, Q., AuthorYue, H., AuthorZeng, H.D., AuthorZeng, T.X., AuthorZeng, W., AuthorZeng, Z.K., AuthorZha, M., AuthorZhai, X.X., AuthorZhang, B.B., AuthorZhang, F., AuthorZhang, H.M., AuthorZhang, H.Y., AuthorZhang, J.L., AuthorZhang, L.X., AuthorZhang, Li, AuthorZhang, Lu, AuthorZhang, P.F., AuthorZhang, P.P., AuthorZhang, R., AuthorZhang, S.B., AuthorZhang, S.R., AuthorZhang, S.S., AuthorZhang, X., AuthorZhang, X.P., AuthorZhang, Y.F., AuthorZhang, Y.L., AuthorZhang, Yi, AuthorZhang, Yong, AuthorZhao, B., AuthorZhao, J., AuthorZhao, L., AuthorZhao, L.Z., AuthorZhao, S.P., AuthorZheng, F., AuthorZheng, Y., AuthorZhou, B., AuthorZhou, H., AuthorZhou, J.N., AuthorZhou, P., AuthorZhou, R., AuthorZhou, X.X., AuthorZhu, C.G., AuthorZhu, F.R., AuthorZhu, H., AuthorZhu, K.J., AuthorZuo, X., Author more..

Affiliations:
1Division Prof. Dr. James A. Hinton, MPI for Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Society, ou_2074298

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Free keywords: thunderstorm, cosmic rays, extensive air showers, LHAASO-KM2A

MPINP: Hochenergie-Astrophysik Theorie - Abteilung Hinton

Abstract: The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has three sub-arrays, KM2A, WCDA, and WFCTA. The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during a thunderstorm on June 10, 2021. The number of shower events that meet the trigger conditions increases significantly in atmospheric electric fields, with a maximum fractional increase of 20%. The variations in trigger rates (increases or decreases) were found to be strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. The flux of secondary particles increased significantly, following a trend similar to that of shower events. To better understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations were performed with CORSIKA and G4KM2A (a code based on GEANT4). We found that the experimental data (in saturated negative fields) were in good agreement with the simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform electric field of -700 V/cm with a thickness of 1500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the acceleration/deceleration by the atmospheric electric field, the number of secondary particles with energy above the detector threshold was modified, resulting in the changes in shower detection rate.

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Dates: Published Online: 2023

Publication Status: Published online

Pages: 12

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Identifiers: DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac9371

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Title: Chinese Physics C

Other : Chinese Physics C: High Energy and Nuclear Physics

Abbreviation : Chinese Phys.

Source Genre: Journal

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Publ. Info: IOP Publishing : Chinese Physical Society

Pages: - Volume / Issue: 47 (1) Sequence Number: 015001 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 2058-6132
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2058-6132