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  Making Mobility a Market: An Economic Sociology of Migration Brokerage

AS, S. (2023). Making Mobility a Market: An Economic Sociology of Migration Brokerage. PhD Thesis, University of Duisburg-Essen, Cologne. doi:10.17185/duepublico/77357.

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 Creators:
AS, Sandhya1, 2, Author                 
Affiliations:
1International Max Planck Research School on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy, MPI for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Society, ou_1214550              
2Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany, ou_persistent22              

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Free keywords: Brokerage; Labour Migration; Transnational Labour Market; Nepal
 Abstract: This dissertation develops an economic sociological perspective on the ongoing practices and processes of migrant labour brokerage in Nepal. It uses Nepal as a case study to account for the recent developments in how labour migration is organized transnationally via profit-making actors called brokers or intermediaries. Existing scholarly work in the field of sociology and migration studies exhibits a bias towards a network-oriented approach to explaining brokerage. Such a stance assumes that brokers persist to fill structural holes or gaps in social relationships, and takes for granted the power dynamics that create an institutional space for brokerage. Questioning such assumptions, this thesis introduces the perspective of markets to understand migrant labour brokerage in Nepal. It keeps the interaction between the state and the market at the centre of its analysis as it traces the proactive role played by the state in organizing a market around facilitation of labour migration. In its examination of the state-market relationship, the study also sheds light on the scope and limitations of market regulation and the problem of control. It consequently claims that the interaction between the state and the market creates both opportunities and vulnerabilities for Nepalese migrant workers. It reveals how brokerage practices are deeply embedded in particular institutional settings, how network-driven theories are inadequate in explaining why brokers continue to persist, and what kind of consequences such intermediation has for the labour process and migrants’ experience of mobility. In doing so, the dissertation advances our existing understanding of brokerage in social and economic relationships.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2023-08-152023-08-242023
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: xi, 206
 Publishing info: Cologne : University of Duisburg-Essen
 Table of Contents: Abstract
Acknowledgments
List of Figures, Images and Tables
Abbreviations and acronyms
Notes on the use of language, images and reference style

Chapter 1
Introduction
1. Review of Literature
1.1. “Significance of the third element” in Sociology
1.2. ‘Middle space of migration’: Study of migration institution, infrastructure and industry
1.3. Research gaps and questions
1.4. Theoretical framework and conceptual scaffolding
2. Research Design
2.1. Methods, data collection and analysis
2.2. Case selection and relevance
3. Structure of the dissertation

Chapter 2
Actors and processes in migrant labour brokerage: A historical overview of the ‘middle-space’ of temporary labour migration
1. Introduction
2. From Networks to Hierarchy
2.1. Early network-based organization of mobility
2.2. Birth of the ‘legal’ temporary migrant
3. The Asian turn to markets as an organizing principle of mobility
4. From control to “management”: Paradigm shift in migration governance
5. Conclusion

PART I: STATE

Chapter 3
Becoming a labour exporting country: Nepal’s encounters with development, market and migration
1. Introduction
2. Bikās and Nepal’s structural dependence on foreign capital
2.1. Constructing a ‘culture’ of migration: gender roles, modernity and mobility in Nepal
3. State brokerage practices in Nepal
3.1. Research and Promotion
3.2. Authorization and legitimacy
3.3. Return
4. Key state relations emerging in migration management
4.1. State-migrant interaction: The double movement dilemma
4.2. State-state relations: Beyond labour diplomacy
4.3. NGOs and ‘development partners’
5. Conclusion

Chapter 4
Market as a vehicle of development
1. Introduction
2. Migration policies and the making of Nepalese migrant recruitment industry
2.1. From regulation to facilitation of out-migration
2.2. Market-Making and institutionalization of migration
3. Delegation of migration management in Nepal
3.1. Informal contracting of the task
3.2. Scope and limitations of monitoring the task
3.3. Transferring accountability of migration mismanagement
4. Conclusion

PART II: MARKET

Chapter 5
“How things get done”: Culture, perceptions and practices in the migrant recruitment business
1. Introduction
2. Market-mapping
2.1. ‘Dirty money’: Source of income and market identity
2.2. Legality and encounters with bureaucracy
3. Culture as the basis of market order
3.1. Flow of money and information in the market
3.2. Culture of informality and its social acceptance
4. Incongruence of “appropriate” behaviour and regulatory inconsistencies: An example
5. Conclusion

Chapter 6
Beyond recruitment: Locating the role of brokers in the organization of labour migration
1. Introduction
2. Approaching the role of brokers in coordinating labour migration
3. Key aspects of migrant labour brokerage
3.1. Stocking-up and circulating migrant labour
3.2. Creating and channelling demand for Nepalese workers
3.3. Skilling as “making it work”
4. Contextualising brokerage
5. Conclusion

Chapter 7
Conclusion
1. Migrant labour brokerage in Nepal: its form, practices and consequences
2. Empirical and theoretical contributions of the study
3. Limitations of the study and way forward

Postscript
Addressing inconsistent findings and alternative brokerage practices
1. Introduction
2. Forced immobility and restrictions on labour migration: Female migration in Nepal
3. Establishing “market-free” migration corridors: Example of South Korea, Israel and Japan
4. Illegality and de-contraction of the market: Case of the Pandemic
4.1. Crisis as experienced by the brokers
4.2. ‘Blockage’ in migration bureaucracy
4.3. Disordering and market-(un)making
5. Conclusion

Bibliography
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: ISBN: 978-3-946416-23-4
DOI: 10.17185/duepublico/77357
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:465-20230824-132707-8
 Degree: PhD

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Title: Studies on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy. IMPRS-SPCE
Source Genre: Series
 Creator(s):
International Max Planck Research School on the Social and Political Constitution of the Economy, MPI for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Society, Editor              
Affiliations:
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: - Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: - Identifier: -