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Abstract:
Lithium-sulfur (Li/S) batteries are among the most promising next-generation energy storage systems because of their high theoretical specific energy of approximate to 2600 Wh kg(-1). However, conventional Li/S batteries require high amounts of redox-inactive liquid electrolytes, which do not contribute to cell capacity. Thus, the practical specific energy of Li/S batteries is often relatively poor (<500 Wh kg(-1)) and barely competitive with Li-ion batteries. Herein, a new hybrid Li/S battery that contains both a liquid and a solid cathode, i.e., dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) and fibrous sulfurized poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN) as active materials is presented. These Li/DMTS/SPAN cells exhibit high capacity (formally up to 7100 mA h g(sulfur of cathode)(-1)), high areal capacity up to 4.3 mA h cm(-2), high rate capability up to 8 C, and excellent cycle stability (>700 cycles). In addition, both the working and aging mechanism are elucidated by NMR, Raman, X-ray photoelectron and electronic impedance spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and postmortem analysis.
