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Abstract:
Pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), bind conserved ligands produced by microbes and initiate pro-inflammatory responses. Both pathogens and commensals synthesize flagellin, the ligand to TLR5, to assemble flagella for motility. How the host tolerates flagellins produced by human gut commensals has remained unknown. This review describes flagellin-TLR5 interactions, including recent findings that show commensal-derived flagellins are silently recognized by TLR5.
