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  Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Chen, N., Zhang, Z., Hou, J., Chen, J., Gao, X., Tang, L., et al. (2023). Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau. Science Advances, 9(50): eadi6857. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi6857.

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Item Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-1149-D Version Permalink: https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000E-114C-A
Genre: Journal Article

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Figs. S1 to S14, Tables S1 to S19 (Supplementary material)
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 Creators:
Chen, Ningbo, Author
Zhang, Zhengwei, Author
Hou, Jiawen, Author
Chen, Jialei, Author
Gao, Xuan, Author
Tang, Li1, Author           
Wangdue, Shargan, Author
Zhang, Xiaoming, Author
Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Author
Liu, Xuexue, Author
Han, Jianlin, Author
Lü, Hongliang, Author
Lei, Chuzhao, Author
Marshall, Fiona, Author
Liu, Xinyi, Author
Affiliations:
1Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Max Planck Society, ou_3398738              

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 Abstract: Domestic yak, cattle, and their hybrids are fundamental to herder survival at high altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about their history. Bos remains are uncommon in this region, and ancient domestic yak have not been securely identified. To identify Bos taxa and investigate their initial management, we conducted zooarchaeological analyses of 193 Bos specimens and sequenced five nuclear genomes from recently excavated assemblages at Bangga. Morphological data indicated that more cattle than yak were present. Ancient mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome sequences identified taurine cattle and provided evidence for domestic yak and yak-cattle hybridization ~2500 years ago. Reliance on diverse Bos species and their hybrid has increased cattle adaptation and herder resilience to plateau conditions. Ancient cattle and yak at Bangga were closely related to contemporary livestock, indicating early herder legacies and the continuity of cattle and yak husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau. Early management of domestic yak, taurine cattle and their hybrids on the high Tibetan Plateau dates to ~2500 years ago.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2023-05-162023-11-072023-12-132023-12
 Publication Status: Issued
 Pages: 13
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION
Archaeological site of Bangga

RESULTS
Zooarchaeological analysis and radiocarbon dating of bovine remains from the Bangga site
Molecular identification of the species of the Bangga bovine specimens
Evolution of the Bangga taurine cattle
Genomic footprint of the ancient Bangga yak among extant wild and domestic yak
Genetic evidence of hybridization between the ancient Bangga yak and taurine cattle

DISCUSSION
Yak domestication
Long-term genetic continuity in the taurine cattle of Tibetan agropastoralists
Domestic yak and taurine cattle contributed to an undocumented agropastoral system
Pastoral legacy

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Zooarchaeological analysis
Osteomorphological landmarks used in this study for differentiating taurine cattle and yak
Radiocarbon dating
aDNA extraction, library preparation, genome capture, and sequencing
Mapping, alignment, filtering, and mtDNA assembly from the Bangga bovine aDNA reads
Phylogenetic construction with the Bangga bovine mitogenomes
Alignment of the Bangga bovine aDNA reads to taurine cattle and domestic yak genomes
Variant discovery and genotyping
Ancient variant genotyping
Sex determination
Population genetic structure analysis
F statistics and D statistics
Admixture modeling with qpAdm
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6857
Other: gea0154
 Degree: -

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Title: Science Advances
  Other : Sci. Adv.
Source Genre: Journal
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Publ. Info: Washington : AAAS
Pages: - Volume / Issue: 9 (50) Sequence Number: eadi6857 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 2375-2548
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2375-2548