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Free keywords:
closed-loop, neurofeedback, fMRI, high-resolution, cortical columns, cortical
layers
Abstract:
Technological advances in fMRI including ultra-high magnetic fields (≥ 7T) and acquisition methods that increase spatial specificity have paved the way for studies of
the human cortex at the scale of layers and columns. This mesoscopic scale promises an improved mechanistic understanding of human cortical function so far only accessible to invasive animal neurophysiology. In recent years an increasing number of studies have applied such methods to better understand the cortical function in perception and cognition. This Future Perspective article asks whether closed-loop fMRI studies could equally benefit from these methods to achieve layer and columnar specificity. We outline potential applications and discuss the conceptual and concrete challenges, including data acquisition and volitional control of mesoscopic brain activity. We anticipate an important role of fMRI with mesoscopic resolution for closed-loop fMRI and neurofeedback, yielding new insights into brain function and potentially clinical applications.
