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Simple Summary In this review we summarize recent articles on the role of specific biotypes of non-coding RNAs in different cancer types. We will focus on micro RNAs that has been characterized in the cell nucleus, as well as long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that are bound by components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 or by the protein Fused in Sarcoma. We will describe mechanistic aspects offering comprehensive insights into specific diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the non-coding RNAs in the cancer types described in the review.Abstract The eukaryotic genome is mainly transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including different RNA biotypes, such as micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), among others. Although miRNAs are assumed to act primarily in the cytosol, mature miRNAs have been reported and functionally characterized in the nuclei of different cells. Further, lncRNAs are important regulators of different biological processes in the cell nucleus as part of different ribonucleoprotein complexes. CircRNAs constitute a relatively less-characterized RNA biotype that has a circular structure as result of a back-splicing process. However, circRNAs have recently attracted attention in different scientific fields due to their involvement in various biological processes and pathologies. In this review, we will summarize recent studies that link to cancer miRNAs that have been functionally characterized in the cell nucleus, as well as lncRNAs and circRNAs that are bound by core components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) or the protein fused in sarcoma (FUS), highlighting mechanistic aspects and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
