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  Smoke-charged vortex doubles hemispheric aerosol in the middle stratosphere and buffers ozone depletion

Ma, C., Su, H., Lelieveld, J., Randel, W., Yu, P., Andreae, M., et al. (2024). Smoke-charged vortex doubles hemispheric aerosol in the middle stratosphere and buffers ozone depletion. Science Advances, 10(28): eadn3657. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adn3657.

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https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn3657 (Publisher version)
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 Creators:
Ma, Chaoqun1, Author           
Su, Hang1, Author           
Lelieveld, Jos2, Author           
Randel , William, Author
Yu , Pengfei, Author
Andreae, Meinrat1, Author           
Cheng, Yafang1, Author           
Affiliations:
1Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826290              
2Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Max Planck Society, ou_1826285              

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 Abstract: Australian mega-wildfires in the summer of 2019-2020 injected smoke into the stratosphere, causing strong ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere. Here, we model the smoke plume and reproduce its unexpected trajectory toward the middle stratosphere at ~35-kilometer altitude. We show that a smoke-charged vortex (SCV) induced and maintained by absorbing aerosols played a key role in lofting pollutants from the lower stratosphere and nearly doubled the southern hemispheric aerosol burden in the middle stratosphere. The SCV caused a redistribution of stratospheric aerosols, which boosted heterogeneous chemistry in the middle stratosphere and enhanced ozone production, compensating for up to 70% of the ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere. As global warming continues, we expect a growing frequency and importance of SCVs in promoting the impacts of wildfires on stratospheric aerosols and chemistry.

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Language(s): eng - English
 Dates: 2024-07-12
 Publication Status: Published online
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: Data and materials availability:
Reanalysis data of MERRA2 and ERA5 are from
https://doi.org/10.5065/XVAQ-2X07 and https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6 respectively;

SAGE III-ISS data are available at https://doi.org/10.5067/ISS/SAGEIII/SOLAR_HDF4_L2-V5.1;

CALIOP data are available at https://doi.org/10.5067/CALIOP/CALIPSO/LID_L2_05KMAPRO-STANDARD-V4-20.

MODIS AOD data are retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD04_L2.061 and https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD04_L2.061;

TROPOMI aerosol index data are at https://doi.org/10.5270/S5P-0wafvaf;

ACE-FTS data could be found at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0291;

MLS data were downloaded from https://acdisc.gesdisc.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/Aura_MLS_Level2;

OMPS data were downloaded from https://doi.org/10.5067/X1Q9VA07QDS7.

SBDART used to calculate aerosol index is at https://github.com/paulricchiazzi/SBDART;

CAM-chem model is publicly available at https://github.com/ESCOMP/CESM.

WRF-Chem model is available at https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF. DART is available at https://github.com/NCAR/DART.

All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials:
Supplementary Materials for Smoke-charged vortex doubles hemispheric aerosol in the middle stratosphere and buffers ozone depletion: https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.adn3657/suppl_file/sciadv.adn3657_sm.pdf
 Rev. Type: -
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3657
 Degree: -

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Title: Science Advances
  Abbreviation : Sci. Adv.
Source Genre: Journal
 Creator(s):
Affiliations:
Publ. Info: Washington : AAAS
Pages: 12 Volume / Issue: 10 (28) Sequence Number: eadn3657 Start / End Page: - Identifier: ISSN: 2375-2548
CoNE: https://pure.mpg.de/cone/journals/resource/2375-2548