hide
Free keywords:
HIGHLIGHTS
• All L6 FOXP2+ pyramids innervate thalamus; L6b FOXP2+ cells target only higher-order nuclei
• L6a and L6b FOXP2+ cells form facilitating synapses, enabling profound signal amplification
• Strong cholinergic response in L6a and L6b FOXP2+ CT cells via α4β2α5 nicotinic receptors
• Robust dopamine D1 response in L6b FOXP2+ cells, indicating a unique modulatory mechanism
Abstract:
The FOXP2/Foxp2 gene, linked to fine motor control in vertebrates, is a potential candidate gene thought to play a prominent role in human language production. It is expressed specifically in a subset of corticothalamic (CT) pyramidal cells (PCs) in layer 6 (L6) of the neocortex. These L6 FOXP2+ PCs project exclusively to the thalamus, with L6a PCs targeting first-order or both first- and higher-order thalamic nuclei, whereas L6b PCs connect only to higher-order nuclei. Synaptic connections established by both L6a and L6b FOXP2+ PCs have low release probabilities and respond strongly to acetylcholine (ACh), triggering action potential (AP) trains. Notably, L6b FOXP2− PCs are more sensitive to ACh than L6a, and L6b FOXP2+ PCs also react robustly to dopamine. Thus, FOXP2 labels L6a and L6b CT PCs, which are precisely regulated by neuromodulators, highlighting their roles as potent modulators of thalamic activity.
