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Amazon forest
Ant-plant interaction
Extrafloral nectaries
Flower protection
Nectar thieves
Plant fitness
Extra-floral nectaries
Extrafloral nectaries
Fruit-set
Plant
Defense
Vochysiaceae
Heliconius
Deterrence
Mutualism
Patterns
Environment/Ecology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences
Abstract:
In this study we describe the ant assemblage visiting both foliar and bracteal extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) of Passiflora coccinea, investigate the protective role provided by ants against both herbivores and nectar-thief butterflies, and analyze possib