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Free keywords:
Inducible defenses; fish-kairomone; northern pike; esox-lucius;
zooplankton; enrichment; avoidance; evolution; crustacea;
behavior
Abstract:
Daphnia responds to chemical cues released by fish with diel vertical migration (DVM) as a behavioural predator avoidance. We used a bioassay to characterize the chemical nature of the kairomone. Cues released from stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus, G