Any Way Out of "Exit from Work"?: Reversing the Entrenched Pathways of Early 
Retirement

Ebbinghaus, Bernhard

doi:10.1093/0199240922.003.0011

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Any Way Out of "Exit from Work"?: Reversing the Entrenched Pathways of Early Retirement

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Ebbinghaus, Bernhard
Regimewettbewerb und Integration in den industriellen Beziehungen, MPI for the Study of Societies, Max Planck Society;

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199240922.003.0011
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Citation

Ebbinghaus, B. (2000). Any Way Out of "Exit from Work"?: Reversing the Entrenched Pathways of Early Retirement. In F. W. Scharpf, & V. A. Schmidt (Eds.), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Vol. II: Diverse Responses to Common Challenges (pp. 511-553). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0012-54DC-2

Abstract

After the first oil-price crisis, many (but not all) OECD countries used early retirement as an adaptation to industrial restructuration, mass unemployment, the social needs of older workers, and the employment needs of young and female job seekers. As the costs of an increasingly inactive population rose, however, while expected employment effects failed to materialize, reformers sought to reverse the course of ‘welfare without work’. Besides blocking the pathways of early retirement, disability, and long-term unemployment, welfare states are now stressing new forms of part-time pension, extension, and equalization of normal pension age, and they are trying to shift responsibilities and costs to individuals and firms.