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Abstract

Reactive distillation is a hybrid process where chemical reaction and distillative separation are performed in a single equipment. Even though reactive distillation could increase the selectivity of the desired product by the selective reaction this is not always true as shown in this work. A study on the MTBE reaction system using two coupled reactive distillation columns to separate a C4 crack mixture is carried out, where methanol acts as reactive entrainer and MTBE is the intermediate product. In the first column, isobutene and methanol react to form MTBE hence separating the inert C4 component, while in the second column MTBE splits back to methanol and isobutene. Methanol is recycled back to the MTBE formation column and isobutene is obtained as a product. This coupled process with direct recycle of methanol is possible only if no side reactions occur. When the side reactions are taken into account, byproducts such as diisobutene, dimethyl ether and water will be produced so that higher purity methanol can not be obtained at the bottom of the splitting column. The outlet of the splitting column must be firstly separated rather than being recycled directly to the formation column. Moreover, an attempt has been made to show how the selectivity of the desired product isobutene can be critically influenced by the operating parameters such as the reflux ratio. If the reflux ratio increases, a high quantity of diisobutene and dimethyl ether will be obtained which seriously affects the selectivity of isobutene. The influence of operating parameters is investigated by using a continuation method, which shows that bifurcation behavior can appear in both MTBE formation and decomposition process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.