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Population-level variability in the social climates of four chimpanzee societies

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Cronin,  Katherine A.
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.;
Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;

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Van Leeuwen,  Edwin J. C.
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.;
Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;

Vreeman,  Vivian
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.;
Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;

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Haun,  Daniel B. M.
Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.;
Comparative Cognitive Anthropology, MPI for Psycholinguistics, Max Planck Society;
Department of Developmental Psychology University of Jena, Am Steiger 3/Haus 1D-07743 Jena, Germany;

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Citation

Cronin, K. A., Van Leeuwen, E. J. C., Vreeman, V., & Haun, D. B. M. (2014). Population-level variability in the social climates of four chimpanzee societies. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35(5), 389-396. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.004.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0019-82E4-D
Abstract
Recent debates have questioned the extent to which culturally-transmitted norms drive behavioral variation in resource sharing across human populations. We shed new light on this discussion by examining the group-level variation in the social dynamics and resource sharing of chimpanzees, a species that is highly social and forms long-term community associations but differs from humans in the extent to which cultural norms are adopted and enforced. We rely on theory developed in primate socioecology to guide our investigation in four neighboring chimpanzee groups at a sanctuary in Zambia. We used a combination of experimental and observational approaches to assess the distribution of resource holding potential in each group. In the first assessment, we measured the proportion of the population that gathered in a resource-rich zone, in the second we assessed naturally occurring social spacing via social network analysis, and in the third we assessed the degree to which benefits were equally distributed within the group. We report significant, stable group-level variation across these multiple measures, indicating that group-level variation in resource sharing and social tolerance is not necessarily reliant upon human-like cultural norms.