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Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity

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Bamberg,  Ernst
Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;
Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, University of Frankfurt, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;

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Nagel,  Georg
Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max Planck Society;
Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Universität Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany;

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Citation

Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E., Nagel, G., & Deisseroth, K. (2005). Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity. Nature Neuroscience, 8(9), 1263-1268. doi:10.1038/nn1525.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-D9F6-F
Abstract
Temporally precise, noninvasive control of activity in well-defined neuronal populations is a long-sought goal of systems neuroscience. We adapted for this purpose the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons. We demonstrate reliable, millisecond-timescale control of neuronal spiking, as well as control of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. This technology allows the use of light to alter neural processing at the level of single spikes and synaptic events, yielding a widely applicable tool for neuroscientists and biomedical engineers