Femtosecond all-optical synchronization of an X-ray free-electron laser

Schulz, S.; Grguraš, Ivanka; Behrens, C.; Bromberger, Hubertus; Costello, J. T.; Czwalinna, M. K.; Felber, M.; Hoffmann, M. C.; Ilchen, M.; Liu, Haiyun; Mazza, T.; Meyer, M.; Pfeiffer, S.; Prędki, P.; Schefer, S.; Schmidt, C.; Wegner, U.; Schlarb, H.; Cavalieri, Adrian L.

doi:10.1038/ncomms6938

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Femtosecond all-optical synchronization of an X-ray free-electron laser

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Grguraš, Ivanka
Extreme Timescales, Condensed Matter Dynamics Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-electron Laser Science (CFEL);
University of Hamburg;

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Bromberger, Hubertus
Quantum Condensed Matter Dynamics, Condensed Matter Dynamics Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-electron Laser Science (CFEL);

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Liu, Haiyun
Quantum Condensed Matter Dynamics, Condensed Matter Dynamics Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-electron Laser Science (CFEL);

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Cavalieri, Adrian L.
Extreme Timescales, Condensed Matter Dynamics Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Max Planck Society;
Center for Free-electron Laser Science (CFEL);
University of Hamburg;

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6938
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Citation

Schulz, S., Grguraš, I., Behrens, C., Bromberger, H., Costello, J. T., Czwalinna, M. K., et al. (2015). Femtosecond all-optical synchronization of an X-ray free-electron laser. Nature Communications, 6: 5938. doi:10.1038/ncomms6938.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0024-B93A-8

Abstract

Many advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time resolutions of only a few femtoseconds. To generate these pulses and to apply them in time-resolved experiments, synchronization techniques that can simultaneously lock all independent components, including all accelerator modules and all external optical lasers, to better than the delivered free-electron laser pulse duration, are needed. Here we achieve all-optical synchronization at the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH and demonstrate facility-wide timing to better than 30 fs r.m.s. for 90 fs X-ray photon pulses. Crucially, our analysis indicates that the performance of this optical synchronization is limited primarily by the free-electron laser pulse duration, and should naturally scale to the sub-10 femtosecond level with shorter X-ray pulses.