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Abstract

mental principles of EU law. It signifies that in case of a conflict between EU law and the law of the Member States, the EU law prevails. Its fundamental goal is to assure a unified and effective application of EU law in all Member States. The principle of primacy has been established by the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. This article discusses the principle of primacy, as developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union, and focuses on its importance for the Member States. The le-gal theory divides Member States into three groups with regard to what their position on the primacy of EU law in relation to the national constitution is: Member States that acknowledge full primacy, Member States that acknowledge limited primacy of EU law in relation to the national constitution, and Member States that principally assume primacy of the national constitution over EU law. Within the context of the European hierarchy, the constitutional courts of the Member States are left with the central role and power of review of constitutionality, but it remains to be seen whether in future more constitutional courts will enter a dialogue with the Court of Justice of the European Union in the form of a preliminary ruling procedure.