The Mechanism of CO and CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-Based Catalysts

Studt, Felix; Behrens, Malte; Kunkes, Edward L.; Thomas, Nygil; Zander, Stefan; Tarasov, Andrey; Schumann, Julia; Frei, Elias; Varley, Joel B.; Abild-Pedersen, Frank; Nørskov, Jens K.; Schlögl, Robert

doi:10.1002/cctc.201500123

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The Mechanism of CO and CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-Based Catalysts

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Behrens, Malte
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;
Faculty of Chemistry and CENIDE, Universität Duisburg-Essen;

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Kunkes, Edward L.
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Thomas, Nygil
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;
Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Nirmalagiri College;

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Zander, Stefan
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Tarasov, Andrey
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Schumann, Julia
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Frei, Elias
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;

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Schlögl, Robert
Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society;
Heterogeneous Reactions Department, Max-Planck-Institut for Chemical Energy Conversion;

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Studt, F., Behrens, M., Kunkes, E. L., Thomas, N., Zander, S., Tarasov, A., et al. (2015). The Mechanism of CO and CO₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-Based Catalysts. ChemCatChem, 7(7), 1105-1111. doi:10.1002/cctc.201500123.

Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0026-AAB8-D

Abstract

Methanol, an important chemical, fuel additive, and precursor for clean fuels, is produced by hydrogenation of carbon oxides over Cu-based catalysts. Despite the technological maturity of this process, the understanding of this apparently simple reaction is still incomplete with regard to the reaction mechanism and the active sites. Regarding the latter, recent progress has shown that stepped and ZnO_x-decorated Cu surfaces are crucial for the performance of industrial catalysts. Herein, we integrate this insight with additional experiments into a full microkinetic description of methanol synthesis. In particular, we show how the presence or absence of the Zn promoter dramatically changes not only the activity, but unexpectedly the reaction mechanism itself. The Janus-faced character of Cu with two different sites for methanol synthesis, Zn-promoted and unpromoted, resolves the long-standing controversy regarding the Cu/Zn synergy and adds methanol synthesis to the few major industrial catalytic processes that are described on an atomic level.