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Cation–Cation Pairing by N-C-H···O Hydrogen Bonds

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Dreier,  Angelika
Service Department Lehmann (EMR), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Goddard,  Richard
Service Department Lehmann (EMR), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Pörschke,  Klaus-Richard
Research Group Pörschke, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Gamrad,  Waltraud
Research Group Pörschke, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Max Planck Society;

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Citation

Dreier, A., Goddard, R., Pörschke, K.-R., & Gamrad, W. (2015). Cation–Cation Pairing by N-C-H···O Hydrogen Bonds. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(15), 4482-4487. doi:10.1002/anie.201408278.


Cite as: https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-BA9B-E
Abstract
The pairing of ions of opposite charge is a fundamental principle in chemistry, and is widely applied in synthesis and catalysis. In contrast, cation–cation association remains an elusive concept, lacking in supporting experimental evidence. While studying the structure and properties of 4-oxopiperidinium salts [OC5H8NH2]X for a series of anions X- of decreasing basicity, we observed a gradual self-association of the cations, concluding in the formation of an isolated dicationic pair. In 4-oxopiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide, the cations are linked by N-H···O=C hydrogen bonds to form chains, flanked by hydrogen bonds to the anions. In the tetra(perfluoro-tert-butoxy)aluminate salt, the anions are fully separated from the cations, and the cations associate pairwise by N-C-H···O=C hydrogen bonds. The compounds represent the first genuine examples of self-association of simple organic cations based merely on hydrogen bonding as evidenced by X-ray structure analysis, and provide a paradigm for an extension of this class of compounds.